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8:30 a.m. Welcome, Statement of Objectives 8:45 a.m. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Results

Carbon Pools in Desert Grasslands from EOS: First Meeting Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM, October 28, 2004. Agenda. 8:30 a.m. Welcome, Statement of Objectives 8:45 a.m. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Results 9:45 a.m. Perspectives on RS for Ecological Modeling

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8:30 a.m. Welcome, Statement of Objectives 8:45 a.m. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Results

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  1. Carbon Pools in Desert Grasslands from EOS: First MeetingJornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM, October 28, 2004 Agenda 8:30 a.m. Welcome, Statement of Objectives 8:45 a.m. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Results 9:45 a.m. Perspectives on RS for Ecological Modeling 10:15 a.m. Discussion on Goals and Approaches 10:45 a.m. Coffee 11:00 a.m. Discussion on Goals and Approaches (continued) 12:00 a.m. Lunch 2:00 p.m. Remote Sensing Techniques: MISR 4:00 p.m. ...or before if possible: End. C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  2. Overall Objective The overall objective stated in the proposal was to validate a new approach to parameterizing the CENTURY model for the arid and semiarid grasslands of the southwestern US (and beyond) by exploiting the unique information content of multi-angular remote sensing data from the EOS MISR and MODIS sensors. C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  3. Overall Objective Our new overall objective is to validate a new approach to deriving parameters for driving biogeochemical cycling models for the arid and semiarid grasslands of the southwestern US (and beyond) by exploiting the unique information content of multi-angular remote sensing data from the EOS MISR and MODIS sensors. C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  4. Approach • We want to combine MISR and MODIS data to exploit: 1. physical &| semi-empirical measures from the RPV and Li-Ross models; 2. structural measures from CR models and ANIX; and 3. spectral measures of canopy vigor (SVIs). These are highly complementary. • We are not currently able to include process modeling as a result of the recent budget changes -- but we will strengthen the validation aspects of our work and continue to seek funding for the modeling. C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  5. Specific Objectives • to assess the ability of kernel-driven and EMRPV BRDF models to yield parameters useful in precision community type mapping • to assess the ability of these models to yield information useful in determining bare soil:grass:shrub proportions • to assess the ability of geometric-optical models and multi-angle metrics to yield useful canopy structureinformation. C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  6. Specific Objectives • And… • to evaluate the minimum acquisition period required for the construction of adequate multi-angle data sets for model inversions over SW rangelands. This is predicated on the need to augment the angular sampling of either sensor as well as increase the number of observations. C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  7. Specific Objectives • N.B. these objectives are no longer immediate: • to create a map of above and belowground C pools for arid shrub-grasslands of S. NM, S.E. AZ and S.W. TX as predicted by CENTURY. • to assess the reduction in uncertainty in C pool estimates using an areally-weighted species-specific parameterization of CENTURY based on well-defined vegetation community types and the proportions of grasses, shrubs and bare soil. C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  8. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)Timeline of Main Events Dec '03: Proposal accepted. Mar '04: Search for post-doc initiated. Jun '04: Funds received. Jun '04: Dr. Lihong Su selected from a field of 11. Jul '04: Lihong appointed as Research Associate. Jul '04: Data acquisition/programming… Aug '04: ARS funding now deemed infeasible. Oct '04: Still no funds, so no CENTURY post-doc. We have to revert back to the original remote sensing scope suggested by the panel (OK’d by GG on 10/13). C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  9. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)EOS Data Processing: Technical Overview Screened surface bi-directional reflectance estimates accumulated over a 9-day period. Max. # observations possible for RED wavelength = 27 (9 x MODIS/Terra + 9 x MISR and eventually + 9 from MODIS/Aqua). Plus other MISR channels at nadir. P R O C E SS I N G HDF-EOS MODIS Observations (MOD09-- 250 m ISIN) HDF-EOS MODIS Angles (MODPTQKM -- 1,000 m ISIN) HDF-EOS MODIS QC (MODGST -- 1,000 m ISIN) GORT/SGM/other non-linear model EMRPV, Li-Ross, ANIX, NDAX HDF-EOS MISRObservations (MI1B2T, includes QC -- 275 m ) Physical Structure (FVC, radius/height, gap, fiPAR, LAI) Empirical Surface Metrics (iso, geo, vol; k, f, q; ANIX) HDF-EOS MISR Angles (GEOM -- 17,600 m) HDF-EOS MISR Cloud Mask (RCCM -- 1,100 m) 1st level classification (Community Types [on soils]) 2nd level classification (condition) HDF-EOS MISR Aerosols (17,600 m) Comm.Type subdivisions C Pools = AGC + BGC C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  10. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)EOS Data Processing: Technical Overview HDF ==> TOC reflectance for working region (ISIN ==> UTM w/MODIS Reprojection Tool) HDF-EOS MODIS Observations (MOD09-- 250 m ISIN) Collate observations, angles, and screen by QC on an orbit (IDL: -- WIP) HDF-EOS MODIS Angles (MODPTQKM -- 1,000 m ISIN) HDF-EOS MODIS QC (MODGST -- 1,000 m ISIN) Accumulate observations from multiple orbits (9 days) (IDL: -- WIP) HDF-EOS MISRObservations (MI1B2T, includes QC -- 275 m ) HDF ==> TOA radiance, mask for cloud (IDL: SOM ==> UTM) HDF-EOS MISR Cloud Mask (RCCM -- 1,100 m) Estimate surface reflectance from TOA radiance (IDL/C/6S) Combine MISR and MODIS data for each 9-day period HDF-EOS MISR Aerosols (17,600 m) HDF-EOS MISR Angles (GEOM -- 17,600 m) Merge the observations from the 9 cameras for one orbit (IDL) C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  11. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)EOS Data Processing: Technical Overview ISIN ==> UTM for working region (MODIS Reprojection Tool) HDF-EOS MODIS Observations (MOD09-- 250 m ISIN) Collate observations, angles, and screen them by QC on an orbit (IDL: -- WIP) HDF-EOS MODIS Angles (MODPTQKM -- 1,000 m ISIN) HDF-EOS MODIS QC (MODGST -- 1,000 m ISIN) Accumulate observations on multiple orbits (9 days) (IDL: -- WIP) Obtain TOA radiance after cloud mask & navigate (IDL: SOM ==> UTM) HDF-EOS MISRObservations (MI1B2T, includes QC -- 275 m ) HDF-EOS MISR Cloud Mask (RCCM -- 1,100 m) Estimate surface reflectance from TOA radiance (IDL, C, Fortran: 6S) Combine MISR & MODIS during a period( C -WIP) HDF-EOS MISR Aerosols (17,600 m) Merge 9 cameras observations on one orbit (IDL) HDF-EOS MISR Angles (GEOM -- 17,600 m) Collect multiple orbits during a period (C) C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  12. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)EOS Data Processing: Technical Overview Lihong -- anything to add here? Note: last 2 slides are the same material organized / colored differently! C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  13. _ _ 2r _ _ _ | _ | 2b h | | _ Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) We have been investigating the potential for using a model based on geometric-optics (GO) to retrieve information on shrub cover, density, size and shape, initially using 4 x 631nm (red) multi-angle reflectance images @25m from CHRIS on Proba. Principles: C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  14. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) How does a GO model respond to very heterogeneous canopies? -- are GO principles violated in this case? -- do GO models operate on mean parameter values? C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  15. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) Can GO models work for very heterogeneous canopies which have a highly variable and bright understorey? C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  16. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) Can GO models work for very heterogeneous canopies which have a highly variable and bright understorey, on different soils? C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  17. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) GO models have been demonstrated as useful tools for forested environments but are more challenging in arid environments: here, the magnitude and anisotropy of the remotely-sensed signal is dominated by the "background" comprised of varying proportions of exposed soil, grasses, litter and forbs. How to obtain the background BRDF in order to isolate the effects of the larger canopy elements? C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  18. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) The first approach taken was by setting the large plant parameters estimated from high resolution imagery and inverting the SGM for the background (represented by the 4-parameter Walthall model). This was done for a wide range of conditions and a linear relation between near-nadir 631 nm reflectance and the four Walthall model coefficients was obtained. This relation was used on inverting the SGM for large canopy parameters over the entire imaged area (September 28, 2003 scene). C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  19. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) A look at some CHRIS imagery from 08/22/03 (SZA=26° 25 m CHRIS FCC @ 24° Back (748 nm, 631 nm, 530 nm) 25 m CHRIS 631 nm reflectance (56°Fwd, 40°Back, 24°Back) C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  20. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) The 25 m CHRIS 631 nm reflectance @4 viewing angles Note: low SZA for 08/22/03. C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  21. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) IKONOS pan image 05/23/01 over the transition zone showing the 7 points selected for contrasting over- and understorey configurations C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  22. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) IKONOS chips showing locations selected to obtain Walthall:1 C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  23. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) IKONOS chips showing locations selected to obtain Walthall:2 C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  24. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) IKONOS chips showing locations selected to obtain Walthall:3 C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  25. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) IKONOS chips showing locations selected to obtain Walthall:4 C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  26. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) IKONOS chips showing locations selected to obtain Walthall:5 C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  27. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) IKONOS chips showing locations selected to obtain Walthall:6 C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  28. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) IKONOS chips showing locations selected to obtain Walthall:7 C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  29. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) Another look at the IKONOS pan image 05/23/01 over the transition zone C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  30. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) 25 m CHRIS 631 nm reflectance @ nadir viewing Walthall model scaled with near-nadir brightness (SZA=26° VZA=24° RAA=33°) for the seven test plots (solid lines). Ground-measured sand BRDF at the transition site (dotted line). Not sure if the scaling is accurate… C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  31. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) Inversion results for the points selected to obtain Walthall: good. a measured by counting 1 m pixels in the May 23, 2001 IKONOS panchromatic image. bkG, kC, kZ+t are the fractions of viewed and sunlit background and crown and shaded components in the IFOV, respectively. C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  32. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) Results (vs. > 100 random point samples from QuickBird and IKONOS): ….poor! Potential Reasons: The scale of the observation: 25 m may be too small -- it may violate the principles of GO models which assume a Poisson distribution. Walthall model terms are not orthogonal -- this makes it difficult to obtain consistent relations with nadir brightness by setting large canopy parameters and inverting for Walthall (also: too many coefficients?). The SGM may be inadequate (Goel: 35% error in k?) The CHRIS data or processing may be flawed. C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  33. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) Soon we will be able to test the last one (CHRIS data flawed or inadequate) by using MISR and MODIS data. The # and range of the angular sampling are better. C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  34. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)BRDF / CR Model Inversion (ongoing work) Field photograph @ nadir (January 2004) C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  35. Perspectives on RS for Ecological Modeling (Peters) Perspectives on RS for Ecological Modeling (Peters); Perspectives on RS for Ecological Modeling (Peters); Perspectives on RS for Ecological Modeling (Peters); Perspectives on RS for Ecological Modeling (Peters); Perspectives on RS for Ecological Modeling (Peters); Perspectives on RS for Ecological Modeling (Peters); Perspectives on RS for Ecological Modeling (Peters); Perspectives on RS for Ecological Modeling (Peters); Perspectives on RS for Ecological Modeling (Peters); Perspectives on RS for Ecological Modeling (Peters); Perspectives on RS for Ecological Modeling (Peters); Perspectives on RS for Ecological Modeling (Peters); C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  36. Discussion on Goals and Approaches • temporal element (when to sample? transitions/stages of maturity?) • what to measure, with respect to our goal? • hard / soft, or hard + soft classification? • spatial scales and BRDF / CR modeling • solutions to CR modeling background problems • validation plan C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  37. Carbon Pools in Desert Grasslands from EOS-- First Meeting --Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NMOctober 28, 2004 C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  38. Summary of Activities: Milestones & Preliminary Results (Chopping/Su)Canopy Reflectance Modeling (with CHRIS/Proba) HDF-EOS MODIS Observations (MOD09-- 250 m ISIN) HDF-EOS MODIS Angles (MODPTQKM -- 1000 m ISIN) HDF-EOS MODIS QC (MODxxx -- 1000 m ISIN) HDF-EOS MISRObservations (MI1B2T, includes QC -- 275 m ) HDF-EOS MISR Angles (GEOM -- 17600 m) HDF-EOS MISR Cloud Mask (RCCM -- 17600 m) HDF-EOS MISR Aerosols (xxx -- 17600 m) C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

  39. Welcome, Statement of Objectives • SAVED: We are taking a mechanistic approach to estimating spatial distributions of C pools in the arid and semi-arid SW using multi-angle data from MISR & MODIS. • Our approach is based on the premise that there is unique information in the BRDF as sampled by these EOS instruments which complements spectral measures to aid mapping objectives. • We want to combine MISR and MODIS data to exploit: 1. semi-empirical measures from RPV and Li-Ross models; 2. structural measures from CR models and ANIX; and 3. spectral measures of canopy vigor (SVIs). These are highly complementary. • We are not currently able to include process modeling as a result of the recent budget changes -- we will strengthen the validation aspects of our work and continue to seek funding for the modeling. C Pools from EOS MISR & MODIS

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