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Correlations Magnetism and Structure across the actinide series

Correlations Magnetism and Structure across the actinide series. G.Kotliar Physics Department and Center for Materials Theory Rutgers University. CPHT Ecole Polytechnique, France and CPHT CEA Saclay.

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Correlations Magnetism and Structure across the actinide series

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  1. Correlations Magnetism and Structure across the actinide series G.Kotliar Physics Department and Center for Materials Theory Rutgers University. CPHT Ecole Polytechnique, France and CPHT CEA Saclay. Support: -DOE- BES Chaire International de Recherche Blaise Pascal de l”Etat et de la Region d’Ille de France geree par la Fondation de l’Ecole Normale. Collaborators S. Savrasov (UCDavis ) K. Haule (Rutgers) Ji-Hoon Shim (Rutgers) L. Pourovski (E. Polytechnique). IWOSMA-3 Lyon June 2-3 (2006). Discussions : M. Fluss J. C Griveaux G Lander A. Lawson A. Migliori J.Singleton J. Thompson J. Tobin

  2. Outline • Brief introduction to the Mott transition across the Actinides series and to DMFT. • The Mott transition from the left.DMFT results for Pu. f5 or f6 • The Mott transition from the right. The closed shell case. DMFT results for Am . S. Savrasov K. Haule and GK PRL(2005). • The Mott transition from the right. Cm.

  3. Smith-Kmetko phase diagram.Mott Transition in the Actinide Series around Pu : Johansen Phil Mag. 30, 469(1974) . Early views on the Mott transition. Strongly discontinuous. Implementation with LDA or LDA SIC. Approach to the Mott transition, REDUCTION of the specific heat.

  4. Pu phases: A. Lawson Los Alamos Science 26, (2000) GGA LSDA predicts d Pu to be magnetic with a large moment ( ~5 Bohr). Experimentally Pu is not magnetic. [Lashley et. al. cond-matt 0410634] PRB 054416(2005). Approach the Mott transition from the left. (delocalized side).

  5. Approach the Mott point from the right (localized side) Am under pressure Experimental Equation of State (after Heathman et.al, PRL 2000) Mott Transition? “Soft” “Hard” Density functional based electronic structure calculations: • Non magnetic LDA/GGA predicts volume 50% off. • Magnetic GGA corrects most of error in volume but gives m~6mB (Soderlind et.al., PRB 2000). • Experimentally, Am hasnon magnetic f6ground state with J=0(7F0)

  6. . Mott transition in the open shell case. Heathman et. al. Science 309,110 (2006)

  7. DMFT Cavity Construction. A. Georges and G. Kotliar PRB 45, 6479 (1992). Happy marriage of atomic and band physics. Extremize a functional of the local spectra. Local self energy. Reviews: A. Georges G. Kotliar W. Krauth and M. Rozenberg RMP68 , 13, 1996 Gabriel Kotliar and Dieter Vollhardt Physics Today 57,(2004). G. Kotliar S. Savrasov K. Haule V. Oudovenko O. Parcollet and C. Marianetti (to appear in RMP).

  8. Mott transition in one band model. Review Georges et.al. RMP 96 T/W Phase diagram of a Hubbard model with partial frustration at integer filling. [Rozenberg et. al. PRL 1995] Evolution of the Local Spectra as a function of U,and T. Mott transition driven by transfer of spectral weight Zhang Rozenberg Kotliar PRL (1993)..

  9. Towards ab-initio DMFT. • Incorporate band structure and orbital degeneracy to achieve a realistic description of materials. LDA+DMFT V. Anisimov, A. Poteryaev, M. Korotin, A. Anokhin and G. Kotliar, J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 35, 7359 (1997). Related work PRB 57,6884 (1998). Derive complex Hamiltonians solve them using DMFT. • LDA+DMFT photoemission Allows the computation of realistic photoemission spectra optics etc. • Simple concepts. Multiplet structure in the Hubbard bands. K space structure in the resonance. • Difficult technical implementation. Various impurity solvers. Various basis sets. Various orbitals on which correlation are applied. Various double counting corrections.

  10. Mott transition in open (right) and closed (left) shell systems. Superconductivity ? S S g T Tc Log[2J+1] ??? Uc J=0 U U g ~1/(Uc-U)

  11. Mott Transition in the Actinide Series . J. Lashley et.al.(2004)

  12. Total Energy as a function of volume for Pu W(ev) vs (a.u. 27.2 ev) Moment is first reduced by orbital spin moment compensation. The remaining moment is screened by the spd and f electrons (Savrasov, Kotliar, Abrahams, Nature ( 2001) Non magnetic correlated state of fcc Pu. Nick Zein Following Aryasetiwan et. al. PRB 70 195104. (2004)

  13. C11 (GPa) C44 (GPa) C12 (GPa) C'(GPa) Theory 34.56 33.03 26.81 3.88 Experiment 36.28 33.59 26.73 4.78 DMFT Phonons in fcc d-Pu ( Dai, Savrasov, Kotliar,Ledbetter, Migliori, Abrahams, Science, 9 May 2003) (experiments from Wong et.al, Science, 22 August 2003)

  14. Why is Epsilon Pu (which is smaller than delta Pu) stabilized at higher temperatures ??Compute phonons in bcc structure.

  15. Phonon entropy drives the epsilon delta phase transition • Epsilon is slightly more delocalized than delta, has SMALLER volume and lies at HIGHER energy than delta at T=0. But it has a much larger phonon entropy than delta. • At the phase transition the volume shrinks but the phonon entropy increases. • Estimates of the phase transition following Drumont and G. Ackland et. al. PRB.65, 184104 (2002); (and neglecting electronic entropy). TC ~ 600 K.

  16. Double well structure and d Pu Qualitative explanation of negative thermal expansion[Lawson, A. C., Roberts J. A., Martinez, B., and Richardson, J. W., Jr. Phil. Mag. B, 82, 1837,(2002). G. Kotliar J.Low Temp. Physvol.126, 1009 27. (2002)] F(T,V)=Fphonons+Finvar Natural consequence of the conclusions on the model Hamiltonian level. We had two solutions at the same U, one metallic and one insulating. Relaxing the volume expands the insulator and contract the metal.

  17. “Invar model “ for Pu-Ga. Lawson et. al.Phil. Mag. (2006) Data fits only if the excited state has zero stiffness.

  18. Alpha and delta Pu Photoemission Spectra DMFT(Savrasov et.al.) EXP (Arko Joyce Morales Wills Jashley PRB 62, 1773 (2000))

  19. Photoemission studies of Pu. [Havela Gouder. Joyce and Arko. J. Tobin et. al. PHYSICAL REVIEW B 68, 155109 ,2003

  20. Other views on Pu non magnetic 5f6. • Shorikov Lukoyanov Korotin and Anisimov. PRB (2006). LDA+U with around the localized limit double counting. • (5f)^6 configuration stabilized by a) small Hunds rule JH=.48 ev and small U=2.5 ev. • Strong sensitivity to the value of JH. JH=.5 critical value instability to magnetic state.

  21. Other views on Pu: Pu non mangetic 5f6 • Shick A. Drachl V. Havela L. Europhysics Letters 69, 588 (2005). • Pourovskii Katsnelson Lichtenstein L Havela T Gouder F. Wastin A. Shick V. Drachl and G. Lander (2005) • LDA+U with Edc around mean field. +DMFT Flex.

  22. L. Pourovski (unpublished) Expt gd 60 mJ/Mol K2

  23. Expt gd 60 mJ/Mol K2 L. Pourovski (unpublished)

  24. Mott Transition in the Actinide Series . J. Lashley et.al.(2005)

  25. K. Haule , Pu- photoemission with DMFT using (vertex corrected )NCA. nf =5.7

  26. High energy spectroscopies theory and expt (5f)5 Intermediate or jj coupling limit. • J. Tobin et.al. PRB 68, 155109 (2003) resonant photoemission and X ray absortion. • K Moore et.al. PRL 90, 196404 (2003). Phil Mag 84,1039 (2004).

  27. Conclusion Pu • I still bet on the (5f)5 Kondo screened magnetic configuration. But….. • More work is needed to understand the correct way to compute nf in DMFT in order to interpret the high energy spectroscopy. • How to measure, compute , valence in Pu ?

  28. Approach the Mott point from the right Am under pressure Experimental Equation of State (after Heathman et.al, PRL 2000) Mott Transition? “Soft” “Hard” Density functional based electronic structure calculations: • Non magnetic LDA/GGA predicts volume 50% off. • Magnetic GGA corrects most of error in volume but gives m~6mB (Soderlind et.al., PRB 2000). • Experimentally, Am hasnon magnetic f6ground state with J=0(7F0)

  29. Am equation of state. LDA+DMFT.New acceleration technique for solving DMFT equations S. Savrasov K. Haule G. Kotliar cond-mat. 0507552 (2005)

  30. Mott transition in open (right) and closed (left) shell systems. Superconductivity ? Localized (5f)6 in L.S coupling or jj coupling ? S S g T Tc Log[2J+1] ??? Uc J=0 U U g ~1/(Uc-U)

  31. Photoemission spectra using Hubbard I solver and Sunca . [Savrasov Haule and Kotliar cond-mat 0507552 PRL (2006)] Hubbard bands width is determined by multiplet splittings.

  32. Resistivity of Am under pressure. J. C. Griveau et.al. PRL 94, 097002 (2005).

  33. Photomission Spectra of Am under pressure. Sunca. Onset of mixed valence. Savrasov Haule Kotliar (2005) PRL (2006)

  34. Conclusion Am • Americium undergoes Mott transition under pressure. [AmIII-AmIV] boundary. • Unusual superconductivity and resistivities. • Theoretical clue mixed valent due to admixture of (5f)7. Unlike Sm…..

  35. . Mott transition in the open shell case. Heathman et. al. Science 309,110 (2006)

  36. Many theoretical reasons to apply DMFT to Curium. • Mott transition from the right from an open shell configuration. (5f)7 • Mott transition or volume collapse ? • L.S or jj coupling ? • Underscreened Kondo lattice ? • Crucial test for DMFT: produce magnetism where there is!

  37. Hurray et. Al. Physica. B (1980) 217 m=2s+l LS coupling L=0 S=7 m=7 jj coupling J=7/2 m=3+1=4 Expt.

  38. Conclusions • Mott transition in Americium and Plutonium. In both cases theory (DMFT) and experiment suggest gradual more subtle evolution than in earlier treatments. • DMFT: Physical connection between spectra and structure. Studied the Mott transition open and closed shell cases. . • DMFT: method under construction, but it already gives quantitative results and qualitative insights. Interactions between theory and experiments. • Pu: simple picture of the phases. alpha delta and epsilon. Interplay of lattice and electronic structure near the Mott transition. • Am: Rich physics, mixed valence under pressure . Superconductivity near the Mott transition. Cm -----work in progress.

  39. P63/mmc #194 a=3.490 A c=11.311 A Cm(1) 2a (0,0,0) Cm(2) 2c (1/3,2/3,1/4) Fm3m (fcc) a~4.97 A under 30GPa

  40. Antiferromagnetic structures in Cm II (fcc) AFM (II) : AFM ordering along (111) AFM (I) : AFM ordering along (001)

  41. AFM (I) structure of fcc-Cm (II) U=4.5eV,J=0eV dEdc = 3.7 eV No experimental result

  42. Experiments Needed: investigation of the unoccupied states. BIS, Optics, Raman, Inelastic XRay, etc.

  43. The schematic phase diagram, the Mott (Johansen ) and the Kondo collapse (Allen-Martin) two scenarios: how to tell between the two ? • J.W. Allen and L.Z. Liu, Phys. Rev. B 46, 5047 (1992). Kondo impurity model + elastic terms. • DMFT phase diagram of a Hubbard model at integer filling, has a region between Uc1(T) and Uc2(T) where two solutions coexist. A. Georges G. Kotliar W. Krauth and M Rozenberg RMP 68,13,(1996). • Coupling the two solutions to the lattice gives a phase diagram akin to alpha gamma cerium. Majumdar and Krishnamurthy PRL 73 (1994).

  44. Photoemission&experiment • A. Mc Mahan K Held and R. Scalettar (2002) • Zoffl et. al (2002) • K. Haule V. Udovenko S. Savrasov and GK. (2004) • B. Amadon S. Biermann A. Georges F. Aryastiawan cond-mat 0511085

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