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REGULATIONS

REGULATIONS. LIMITATIONS. Availability of funds Lack of scientific data Property rights of individuals . CURRENT EFFORTS. Some regulations are being enforced in public buildings

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REGULATIONS

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  1. REGULATIONS

  2. LIMITATIONS • Availability of funds • Lack of scientific data • Property rights of individuals

  3. CURRENT EFFORTS • Some regulations are being enforced in public buildings • Indoor air quality act of 1989 (proposed but not passed) , $48.5 million allocated per year for research and policy development • Indoor air research by different federal agencies and non profit organizations • CANADA, CHINA, AUSTRALIA and some countries in EUROPE have started implementing regulations for indoor air quality • Various consumer groups are contributing to this by providing information on indoor air quality to public

  4. STRATEGIES

  5. AIR QUALITY STANDARDS • These are the standards being set for indoor air quality based on the following factors:  No adverse health effect below some threshold level  Health risk  Political and economic considerations Example: Minnesota state has set a threshold level of 0.5 ppm for formaldehyde in new mobile homes.

  6. EMISSION STANDARDS  These standards limit the level of pollutants in emissions from various building materials  Also known as product standards Example: standards for Formaldehyde emission from building materials

  7. APPLICATION STANDARDS The application standards for many materials and substances that might cause indoor air pollution have been set  Many products are misapplied which might lead to emission of pollutants into the surrounding environment Example: improper application of pesticides might result in release of VOCs and other organic compounds.

  8. PROHIBITIVE BANS • Use of certain materials have been banned in certain regions and for certain purposes  Use of high sulfur coal in Chicago  Use of asbestos in building and school construction

  9. PROHIBITIVE BANS  Kerosene heaters in California  Use of methylene chloride in paint strippers  CPSC banned the use of lead in paint for consumer use or in consumer products  Use of old fire extinguishers (manufactured before 1960’s)

  10. WARNINGS • Warnings regarding the chemical constituents of certain materials • Paints • Kerosene heaters • Mobile homes • Fire extinguishers

  11. BAN ON DEVICES • FDA prohibits devices that result in more than 0.05 ppm of ozone in occupied enclosed spaces • Refrigerators and cooling systems using certain CFCs as coolants are banned

  12. HEALTH GUIDELINES  U.S. EPA guideline for RADON  ASHRAE guideline for indoor air  NRC guideline for pesticides  NAS guideline for military housing

  13. ASHRAE INDOOR AIR QUALITYSTANDARD 62-1999

  14. VENTILATION GUIDELINES • ASHRAE specified ventilation rates: Commercial Facilities : 15 cfm/person to 60 cfm/person  Institutional Facilities : 15 cfm/person to 60 cfm/person  Residential Facilities : minimum of 15 cfm/person

  15. ASHRAE 62-1999 • The ventilation rate procedure • The indoor air quality procedure

  16. VENTILATION RATE PROCEDURE • Lays emphasis on air cleaning, fresh and recirculated air • Filters and dust collectors should be used for removal of particulate matter when necessary, dust collectors should be used if particulates size > 10 mg/m3 • Relative humidity in habitable spaces preferably should be maintained between 30% and 60%

  17. Pitfalls of the ventilation rate procedure • Makes a lot of assumptions • Assumes that outdoor air drawn by the HVAC system meets or exceeds the U.S. National Primary Ambient Air Quality Standards • Unusual indoor contaminants or sources of contamination are not present • Ventilation effectiveness is 100% • The application of the standard will not necessarily result in acceptable indoor air quality This procedure is preferred than the other procedure

  18. INDOOR AIR QUALITY PROCEDURE • Direct approach to control of indoor air contaminants • Restricts the levels of all known contaminants of concern to some specified acceptable levels

  19. INDOOR AIR QUALITY PROCEDURE • Quantitative evaluation • Qualitative evaluation  Odor  Complex mixtures • Additional condition: Recirculation – cleaning of gas and particulates

  20. QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION • The standard provides three different sources for acceptable levels of contaminants:  A table for acceptable contaminant levels in outdoor air from U.S. NAAQS  A table for four indoor air contaminants  Tables based on guidelines used in U.S.,Canada and WHO

  21. IMPLEMENTING AN IAQ PROGRAM • The IAQ program should consist of:  A policy statement  A management plan  The designation of an IAQ manager  Detailed building operation and maintenance procedures  Complaint response mechanisms  Education and training For an IAQ program to be successful, writtendocumentation must be maintained

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