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Analyzing Distributions – Chapter 3

Analyzing Distributions – Chapter 3. Why are some organisms present in some places and absent from others?. Why don’t transplanted salmon always establish a new population? How far will the African honey bee spread?. Transplant Experiments. Transplant individuals to area in question

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Analyzing Distributions – Chapter 3

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  1. Analyzing Distributions – Chapter 3

  2. Why are some organisms present in some places and absent from others?

  3. Why don’t transplanted salmon always establish a new population? How far will the African honey bee spread?

  4. Transplant Experiments • Transplant individuals to area in question • Determine if the transplanted individuals are able to successfully reproduce in the new area • Answers if inaccessibility to the area is why they are not found there.

  5. Results of Transplant Experiment From page 34

  6. Transplant Successful: • Potential range is larger than its actual range • Accessibility - disperal • Mechanism of habitat selection?

  7. Transplant Unsuccessful: • Control for transplant methods? • Interactions with other organisms? • Predators, parasites, disease organisms, competitors, or interdependent species within the actual range • Protective devices in new habitat • Abiotic factors? • Physical • Chemical • Physiological Ecologists study this

  8. Lower limit of tolerance Upper limit of tolerance No organisms Few organisms Few organisms No organisms Abundance of organisms Population size Optimum range Zone of intolerance Zone of physiological stress Zone of physiological stress Zone of intolerance Low Temperature High Physiological Ecology • Each individual has a range of tolerance for every physical variable. Also: Salinity, precipitation, wind, insolation, nutrients, current

  9. Shelford’s Law of Tolerance: The distribution of a species will be controlled by that environmental factor for which the organism has the narrowest range of tolerance. -it only takes one physical or chemical variable to limit a species distribution

  10. Determining Range of Tolerance Short-term survival Long-term survival Lethal temp is somewhat dependant on acclimation temp.

  11. Shelford’s law applied to two variables:

  12. Adaptation Copper in soil Organisms can adapt to changing environments!

  13. Summary:

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