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CLUES ABOUT EVOLUTION

CLUES ABOUT EVOLUTION. Mr. Rethman. I CAN’S. I can identify the importance of fossils as evidence of evolution. I can explain how relative and radiometric dating is used to estimate the age of fossils. I can list examples of five types of evidence for evolution. .

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CLUES ABOUT EVOLUTION

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  1. CLUES ABOUT EVOLUTION Mr. Rethman

  2. I CAN’S • I can identify the importance of fossils as evidence of evolution. • I can explain how relative and radiometric dating is used to estimate the age of fossils. • I can list examples of five types of evidence for evolution.

  3. INDIRECT EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION

  4. Clues from Fossils • Paleontologists – scientists who study the past by collecting and examining fossils. • Plants and Animals covered with silt and mud • Green River Formation in Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado – one of the richest fossil deposits in the world.

  5. Types of Fossils • Fossil – remains or imprint or trace of a prehistoric organism • Found in Sedimentary Rock with layers of silt, sand, clay, mud compacted or when minerals are deposited. • Examples of rock include: limestone, sandstone, and shale.

  6. Determining Fossil Age • Relative Dating • Idea of undisturbed areas • Younger rock on top of older rock layers • Compare the ages of rock

  7. Radiometric Dating • Estimate age of rock using radioactive elements • Compare the amount of radioactive element with the amount of nonradioactive element in rock.

  8. Embryology • Study of embryos and their development

  9. Homologous Structures • Body parts in the same origin and structure • Also, similar in function • Indicate more species share common ancestors

  10. Homologous Structures

  11. Vestigial Structures • Structures with no function • Example: Manatees, snakes, and whales no longer have back legs but still have pelvic bones. • Human appendix – helpful for digestion

  12. DNA • Molecule that directs heredity • Found on genes that make up chromosomes • Dogs close relatives of bears • Apes, gorillas, and chimps = 24 pairs of chromosomes • Humans = 23 pairs • Match in chromosome # 2 • Similar proteins found – such as hemoglobin – found in red blood cells

  13. DIRECT EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION

  14. Direct Evidence • Antibiotic Resistance • Pesticide Resistance • Genetic Changes in Plants

  15. Evolution of Primates • Group of Mammals with: • Humans • Apes • Monkeys

  16. I CAN…. • I can describe the differences among living primates • Identify the adaptations of primates • Discuss the evolutionary history of modern primates

  17. Characteristics of Primates • Opposable thumbs – grasp and hold things • Binocular vision – judge distance • Flexible shoulders - swimming • Indicate all share a common ancestor

  18. Two groups of Primates • Strepsirhines • Lemurs • Tarsiers • Haplorhines • Monkeys • Apes • Humans

  19. Hominids • 4-6 million years ago • Both plant and animal eating • Walked upright on two legs…bipedal

  20. African Origins • 1920 – fossil skull found in South Africa • Small brain • Humanlike jaw and teeth • Australopithecus – oldest hominid • “Lucy” – full skeleton found in 1974. • Found to be 2.9 to 3.4 million years old

  21. Homo Habilis “Handy Man” • Simple stones found near him • 1.5 to 2 million years old • Gave rise to Homo Erectus – larger brain • Traveled from Africa to Southeast Asia and Europe

  22. Homo Sapiens “wise human” • 400,000 years ago • 125,000 – two groups lived Neanderthals and Cro-Magnon humans

  23. Neanderthals • Short, heavy bodies with thick bones • Small chins • Heavy browridges • Lived in caves • Well-made stone tools • Disappeared 30,000 yrs ago • Side branch of evolution – not direct ancestors

  24. Cro-Magnon Humans • Found in Europe, Asia, and Australia • 10,000 to 40,000 years ago • Stood 1.6 or 1.7 m high • Lived in Caves • Made Stone Carvings • Buried their dead

  25. Modern Human – Homo Sapiens sapiens evolved from Homo Sapiens

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