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Semantic Web Applications: Past, Present and Future

Semantic Web Applications: Past, Present and Future. Oscar Corcho (ocorcho@fi.upm.es) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Florianópolis, August 31st 2010 (OntoBras 2010)

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Semantic Web Applications: Past, Present and Future

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  1. Semantic Web Applications: Past, Present and Future Oscar Corcho (ocorcho@fi.upm.es) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Florianópolis, August 31st 2010(OntoBras 2010) Acknowledgements: Asunción Gómez-Pérez, Jesús Barrasa, Angel López Cima, Oscar Muñoz, Jose Angel Ramos Gargantilla, María del Carmen Suárez de Figueroa, Boris Villazón, Mariano Fernández López, Luis Vilches, Carlos Ruíz Moreno Work distributed under the license Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0

  2. Overview • Coming to terms: The Web (1.0 and 2.0), the Semantic Web, the Web of Linked Data and all its applications • The Web (1.0 and 2.0) • Web applications • The Semantic Web (pre-SemanticWeb, SW1.0 and SW3.0) • Semantic Web Applications Or [Semantic | Web]+ Applications • The Web of Linked Data • Linked Data Applications • Semantic-based Applications • preSemanticWeb Applications • Annotation • Semantic Web 1.0 Applications • Annotation, Data Integration and Decision Support Systems • Semantic Web 3.0 Applications • (Collaborative) Annotation and Data Integration • Conclusions and Trends

  3. Classification Health and Safety Notice Disclaimer: This is not the only way that applications can be classified or grouped. In fact, many other possibilities exist for the classification of Semantic Web application.

  4. Overview • Coming to terms: The Web (1.0 and 2.0), the Semantic Web, the Web of Linked Data and all its applications • The Web (1.0 and 2.0) • Web applications • The Semantic Web (pre-SemanticWeb, SW1.0 and SW3.0) • Semantic Web Applications Or [Semantic | Web]+ Applications • The Web of Linked Data • Linked Data Applications • Semantic-based Applications • preSemanticWeb Applications • Annotation • Semantic Web 1.0 Applications • Annotation, Data Integration and Decision Support Systems • Semantic Web 3.0 Applications • (Collaborative) Annotation and Data Integration • Conclusions and Trends

  5. The beginning: Web 1.0 WWW HTTP URI

  6. From Web1.0 to Web2.0 More than30M pages More than1000M users • New requirements start arising • Cooperation • Dynamicity • Decentralised change • Heterogeneity • Multimedia content WWWHTTP, HTML, URI

  7. Web2.0 basic sites and services

  8. Web1.0 vs Web2.0 • Cooperation • Dynamicity • Decentralised change • Heterogeneity • Multimedia content

  9. Web Applications • Who doesn’t know what is a Web application? • Let’s define it • A web application is an application that is accessed over a network such as the Internet or an intranet. • The term may also mean a computer software application that is… • … hosted in a browser-controlled environment (e.g. a Java applet) • … or coded in a browser-supported language (such as JavaScript, combined with a browser-rendered markup language like HTML) • … and reliant on a common web browser to render the application executable. • Some comments • Too many technology-related terms in the definition • No mentions to the evolution of user-generated content (Web1.0  Web2.0), although it is already well understood.

  10. Overview • Coming to terms: The Web (1.0 and 2.0), the Semantic Web, the Web of Linked Data and all its applications • The Web (1.0 and 2.0) • Web applications • The Semantic Web (pre-SemanticWeb, SW1.0 and SW3.0) • Semantic Web Applications Or [Semantic | Web]+ Applications • The Web of Linked Data • Linked Data Applications • Semantic-based Applications • preSemanticWeb Applications • Annotation • Semantic Web 1.0 Applications • Annotation, Data Integration and Decision Support Systems • Semantic Web 3.0 Applications • (Collaborative) Annotation and Data Integration • Conclusions and Trends

  11. Resource href href href Resource Resource Resource Resource href href href Resource href href href href Resource Resource Resource href href Resource (Syntactic) Web Limitations • A place where computers do the presentation (easy) and people do the linking and interpreting (hard). • Why not get computers to do more of the hard work?

  12. An extension of the current Web… … where information and services are given well-defined and explicitly represented meaning, … … so that it can be shared and used by humans and machines, ... ... better enabling them to work in cooperation How? Promoting information exchange by tagging web content with machine processable descriptions of its meaning. And technologies and infrastructure to do this What is the Semantic Web?

  13. Need to Add “Semantics” • Agreement on the meaning of annotations • Shared understanding of a domain of interest • Formal and machine manipulable model of a domain of interest • An ontology is an engineering artifact, which provides: • A vocabulary of terms • A set of explicit assumptions regarding the intended meaning of the vocabulary. • Almost always including concepts and their classification • Almost always including properties between concepts • Besides... • The meaning (semantics) of such terms is formally specified • New terms can be formed by combining existing ones • Can also specify relationships between terms in multiple ontologies

  14. Inference OWL RDFS • Reasoning over the information we haveCould be light-weight (taxonomy)Could be heavy-weight (logic-style) Integration Integration RDF Annotation Integrating information sources XML Associating metadata to resources (bindings) Ontology Languages SWRL Non exhaustiveordisjont RDF(S) • A large amount of work on Semantic Web has concentrated on the definition of a collection or “stack” of languages. • Used to support the representation and use of metadata • Basic machinery that we can use to represent the extra semantic information needed for the Semantic Web

  15. The evolution of the Semantic Web pre-Semantic Web Semantic Web 1.0 Semantic Web 3.0 Semantic WebChallenge 2008 2004 • Cooperation Dynamicity • Decentralised change • Heterogeneity Multimedia No standardised formatse.g., (KA)2 RDFS, OWL

  16. [Semantic | Web]+ Applications (I) No definition in Wikipedia… ;-( Why [Semantic | Web]+ application?

  17. [Semantic | Web]+ Applications (II) • Why [Semantic | Web]+ application? • Most of them are focused on the use of semantics • In fact, probably it would be better to useSemantic [Web]* application • However, many of them are not so Web-oriented • E.g., very common in data integration approaches • http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/10_semantic_apps_to_watch.php • A key element [of a Semantic Web App] is that the apps all try to determine the meaning of text and other data, and then create connections for users. Besides,  data portability and connectibility are keys to these new semantic apps - i.e. using the Web as platform.

  18. Overview • Coming to terms: The Web (1.0 and 2.0), the Semantic Web, the Web of Linked Data and all its applications • The Web (1.0 and 2.0) • Web applications • The Semantic Web (pre-SemanticWeb, SW1.0 and SW3.0) • Semantic Web Applications Or [Semantic | Web]+ Applications • The Web of Linked Data • Linked Data Applications • Semantic-based Applications • preSemanticWeb Applications • Annotation • Semantic Web 1.0 Applications • Annotation, Data Integration and Decision Support Systems • Semantic Web 3.0 Applications • (Collaborative) Annotation and Data Integration • Conclusions and Trends

  19. An extension of the current Web… … where information and services are given well-defined and explicitly represented meaning, … … so that it can be shared and used by humans and machines, ... ... better enabling them to work in cooperation How? Promoting information exchange by tagging web content with machine processable descriptions of its meaning. And technologies and infrastructure to do this And clear principles on how to publish data What is the Web of Linked Data? data

  20. What is a Linked Data application • Again, no definition yet • Linked Data is a term used to describe a recommended best practice for exposing, sharing, and connecting pieces of data, information, and knowledge on the Semantic Web using URIs and RDF. • So every element from the definition of SW application applies

  21. Overview • Coming to terms: The Web (1.0 and 2.0), the Semantic Web, the Web of Linked Data and all its applications • The Web (1.0 and 2.0) • Web applications • The Semantic Web (pre-SemanticWeb, SW1.0 and SW3.0) • Semantic Web Applications Or [Semantic | Web]+ Applications • The Web of Linked Data • Linked Data Applications • Semantic-based Applications • preSemanticWeb Applications • Annotation • Semantic Web 1.0 Applications • Annotation, Data Integration and Decision Support Systems • Semantic Web 3.0 Applications • (Collaborative) Annotation and Data Integration • Conclusions and Trends

  22. Huge Dynamic Heterogeneous The Web Cooperative

  23. Huge Dynamic Heterogeneous Semantic Webs Cooperative

  24. Ontologies <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> Metadata <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> The web

  25. Huge Dynamic Heterogeneous The Web of Data Cooperative

  26. Huge Dynamic Heterogeneous The Web of Data Cooperative

  27. <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> Ontologies Alignments Onto. - Schema Data Sources Metadata Resources

  28. Overview • Coming to terms: The Web (1.0 and 2.0), the Semantic Web, the Web of Linked Data and all its applications • The Web (1.0 and 2.0) • Web applications • The Semantic Web (pre-SemanticWeb, SW1.0 and SW3.0) • Semantic Web Applications Or [Semantic | Web]+ Applications • The Web of Linked Data • Linked Data Applications • Semantic-based Applications • preSemanticWeb Applications • Annotation • Semantic Web 1.0 Applications • Annotation, Data Integration and Decision Support Systems • Semantic Web 3.0 Applications • (Collaborative) Annotation and Data Integration • Conclusions and Trends

  29. Annotation-focused applications: key characteristics Available at all stages (pre-Semantic Web, SW1.0 and SW3.0), although predominantly in the early ones Single (usually small) ontologies, many of them built manually Centralised ontologies Instances stored in a centralised manner, together with the ontologies, or in separate files/DBs Low heterogeneity and relatively small scale Homogeneous quality in data

  30. Annotation in the pre-Semantic Web (KA)2

  31. Portal Administrators Ontologies and Software search OWL RDF(S) FEED view view search edit O2 permission permission permission O1 Oi Oj Extranet Users Agents Semantic Web Portals Semantic Driven Permission-based User Oriented External resources

  32. Extranet view

  33. Content Edition

  34. Workpackage has associated Deliverable is generated by has Q.A. partner Organization Semantic-based Visualisation

  35. Extranet View (RDF lives behind) Fill in

  36. Overview • Coming to terms: The Web (1.0 and 2.0), the Semantic Web, the Web of Linked Data and all its applications • The Web (1.0 and 2.0) • Web applications • The Semantic Web (pre-SemanticWeb, SW1.0 and SW3.0) • Semantic Web Applications Or [Semantic | Web]+ Applications • The Web of Linked Data • Linked Data Applications • Semantic-based Applications • preSemanticWeb Applications • Annotation • Semantic Web 1.0 Applications • Annotation, Data Integration and Decision Support Systems • Semantic Web 3.0 Applications • (Collaborative) Annotation and Data Integration • Conclusions and Trends

  37. Data integration applications: key characteristics • Available at later stages (SW1.0 and SW3.0). • Still single (usually small) ontologies, many of them built manually • Although sometimes mappings between local and global ontologies • Still centralised ontologies • Instances live in distributed DBs, with a focus on run-time queries, although also data warehousing approach • Medium heterogeneity and medium scale • Heterogeneous quality in data

  38. Migrating IGN (Instituto Geográfico Nacional) sources 38

  39. IGN Catalogue Integration: Exploitation of Mappings Cated. NGN Query: ¿Edif. Religioso de Soria? NC Construcción Rel. Soria BCN200 BCN25 Cated. Edif. Religioso NS Nieves Catedral Cated. Response: Catedral Soria Ig. Sto. Tomás Catedral Soria Ermita N.S. Nieves Catedral Soria Ig. Sto. Ermita Soria Soria

  40. UN FAO Example Slide 40

  41. Alignments between ontologies and the DB Land areas Fishing areas Biological entities Fisheries commodities Vessel types and size Gear types R2O Document R2O Document R2O Document R2O Document R2O Document R2O Document FAO FIGIS DB http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/fi/

  42. Overview • Coming to terms: The Web (1.0 and 2.0), the Semantic Web, the Web of Linked Data and all its applications • The Web (1.0 and 2.0) • Web applications • The Semantic Web (pre-SemanticWeb, SW1.0 and SW3.0) • Semantic Web Applications Or [Semantic | Web]+ Applications • The Web of Linked Data • Linked Data Applications • Semantic-based Applications • preSemanticWeb Applications • Annotation • Semantic Web 1.0 Applications • Annotation, Data Integration and Decision Support Systems • Semantic Web 3.0 Applications • (Collaborative) Annotation and Data Integration • Conclusions and Trends

  43. Decision support applications: key characteristics • Again, available at later stages (SW1.0 and SW3.0). • Still predominantly single (usually small) ontologies, many of them built manually • But mostly heavyweight (they are the ones taking decisions) • Heavy use of logic • Still centralised ontologies • Instances may live together with the ontologies, in distributed DBs, or in separate RDF files/triplestores. • Annotation phases are common • Medium heterogeneity and low/medium scale • Heterogeneous quality in data

  44. Satellite Image Processing Space Segment Ground Segment SATELLITE FILES: DMOP files Product files

  45. Comparison between planning and product generation DMOP_File#(n+1) StartTime DMOP#(n+1)_ File (StopTime) DMOP_File#n(StartTime) DMOP_File#n(StopTime) Instr#1 planning ... DMOP_er (ORBIT_NUMBER, ELAPSED_TIME) Instr#n (RA_2) planning DURATION ... Instr#n(RA_2) Product Generation ... ... PRODUCT_data_gap PRODUCT_FILE Start_time (SENSING_START) PRODUCT_FILE Stop_time (SENSING_STOP) RA2_CAL_1P Start_time (SENSING_START) RA2_CAL_1P Stop_time (SENSING_STOP)

  46. RECORD ID RECORD parameters RECORD parameters corresponding to other RECORD structure. Generating files in RDF FILE ; DMOP (generated by FOS Mission Planning System) RECORD fhr FILENAME="DMOP_SOF__VFOS20060124_103709_00000000_00001215_20060131_014048_20060202_035846.N1" DESTINATION="PDCC" PHASE_START=2 CYCLE_START=44 REL_START_ORBIT=404 ABS_START_ORBIT=20498 ENDRECORD fhr ................................ RECORD dmop_er RECORD dmop_er_gen_part RECORD gen_event_params EVENT_TYPE=RA2_MEA EVENT_ID="RA2_MEA_00000000002063" NB_EVENT_PR1=1 NB_EVENT_PR3=0 ORBIT_NUMBER=20521 ELAPSED_TIME=623635 DURATION=41627862 ENDRECORD gen_event_params ENDRECORD dmop_er ENDLIST all_dmop_er ENDFILE <?xml version='1.0' encoding='ISO-8859-1'?><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf='http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#' xmlns:rdfs='http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#' xmlns:NS0='http://protege.stanford.edu/kb#' > <rdf:Description rdf:about='http://protege.stanford.edu/kb#10822'> <rdf:type rdf:resource='http://protege.stanford.edu/kb#Instrument_mode'/> <NS0:instrument_mode_id>MS</NS0:instrument_mode_id> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about='http://protege.stanford.edu/kb#11224'> <rdf:type rdf:resource='http://protege.stanford.edu/kb#DMOP_ER'/> <NS0:event_id>&quot;GOM_OCC_00000000541299&quot;</NS0:event_id> <NS0:duration rdf:datatype='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int'>53000</NS0:duration> <NS0:orbit_number rdf:datatype='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int'>20552</NS0:orbit_number> <NS0:elapsed_time rdf:datatype='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int'>2452293</NS0:elapsed_time> <NS0:event_type rdf:resource='http://protege.stanford.edu/kb#10713'/> </rdf:Description>

  47. <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> <RDF triple> 1 Ontology 1 reference ontology for annotating all files RDF files are distributed Distributed Metadata for Product files Distributed Metadata for Planning files The product files The planning files

  48. Metadata generation process Metadata querying process Satellite Use Case (System Infrastructure): S-OGSA Scenario Planning fileserver Germany Product fileserver Italy GT4 GT4 Store (start-time, stop-time, gen-time, EPR) OverlapChecking Service 8 ONTO-DSI ONTO-DSI Annotate file Grid-KP 3 File directory Spain Get file summaries 2 Destroy (if needed) RDF File Upload Get file names 5 1a 9 Select files to be annotated 4 1 Obtain ontology Annotationfront-end WebDAV XML Summary File WS-DAIOnt Create 6 Upload XML Summary file 2’ SemanticBinding Service SatelliteDomain Ontology 1 Input criteria Store 7 8 Query 3 Notify (start-time, stop-time) QUARC-SG client JSP MetadataQueryService Atlas RDF RDF

  49. Fraud detection in car insurance

  50. Fraud Diagnosis

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