Movement and Forces

1. theBIGidea CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Movement and Forces Muscles and bones provide forces and levers to move the body. 10.1 The skeletal system provides support and protection. 10.2 The muscular system makes movement possible. 10.3 Muscles exert forces. 10.4 Bones and joints act as levers.

2. 10.1 The skeletal system provides support and protection. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.5.cStudents know how bones and muscles work together to provide a structural framework for movement. 7.6.h Students know how to compare joints in the body (wrist, shoulder, thigh) with structures used in machines and simple devices (hinge, ball-and-socket, and sliding joints). skeletal system axial skeleton appendicular skeleton joint cartilage CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

3. axial skeleton appendicular skeleton SIMULATION Assemble a virtual skeleton. 10.1 The skeletal system provides support and protection. The skeleton is the body’s framework and has two main divisions, Bones are living tissue. skeletal system axial skeleton the axial skeleton appendicular skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. Bones come together at joints. joint cartilage CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

4. 10.2 The muscular system makes movement possible. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.5.c Students know how bones and muscles work together to provide a structural framework for movement. muscular system skeletal muscle smooth muscle potato plant cardiac muscle tuber CHAPTER RESOURCES plant cell SECTION OUTLINE starch granules

5. Type of Muscle Function Moves bones, maintain posture and body temperature Skeletal muscle, voluntary Smooth muscle, involuntary Moves internal organs, such as the intestines Cardiac muscle, involuntary Pumps blood throughout the body 10.2 The muscular system makes movement possible. muscular system skeletal muscle smooth muscle potato plant cardiac muscle tuber CHAPTER RESOURCES plant cell SECTION OUTLINE starch granules

6. 10.3 Muscles exert forces. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.5.c Students know how bones and muscles work together to provide a structural framework for movement. 7.6.h Students know how to compare joints in the body (wrist, shoulder, thigh) with structures used in machines and simple devices (hinge, ball-and-socket, and sliding joints). force simple machine CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

7. 10.3 Muscles exert forces. • Muscles provide forces that produce motion. force • Parts of the body act as simple machines. simple machine CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

8. 10.4 Bones and joints act levers. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.6.i Students know how levers confer mechanical advantage and how the application of this principle applies to the musculoskeletal system. lever fulcrum input force output force mechanical advantage CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

9. SIMULATION CLASSZONE.COM Explore how a lever works. 10.4 Bones and joints act levers. • A bone acts as a lever with a joint as its fulcrum. lever • Levers can be arranged in different ways. fulcrum input force output force mechanical advantage CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

10. 10.1 The skeletal system provides support and protection. I. The skeletal system provides support and protection. skeletal system • A. The skeleton is the body’s framework. axial skeleton • 1. The Axial Skeleton appendicular skeleton • 2. The Appendicular Skeleton joint • B. Bones are living tissue. cartilage • C. Joints connect parts of the skeletal system. • 1. Immovable and Slightly Movable Joints • 2. Freely Movable Joints CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

11. 10.2 The muscular system makes movement possible. II. The muscular system makes movement possible. muscular system • A. Muscles perform important functions. skeletal muscle • 1. Movement smooth muscle • 2. Maintaining Body Temperature cardiac muscle • 3. Maintaining Posture • B. Your body has different types of muscle. • 1. Skeletal Muscle • 2. Smooth Muscle • 3. Cardiac Muscle CHAPTER RESOURCES • C. Skeletal muscles, tendons, and joints allow bones to move. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY • D. Muscles grow and heal.

12. 10.3 Muscles exert forces. III. Muscles exert forces. force • A. Muscles provide forces that produce motion. simple machine • B. Forces act along the muscles. • C. More than one force affects your body. • D. Some body parts act like simple machines. • 1. Pulleys • 2. Inclined Planes • 3. Levers CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

13. 10.4 Bones and joints act levers. IV. Bones and joints act levers. lever • A. The body uses levers. fulcrum • B. Levers can change the effects of a force. input force • 1. Fulcrum output force • 2. Input Force and Output Force • 3. Changing Force Size and Movement Distance mechanical advantage • C. Different lever arrangements serve different purposes. • 1. Mechanical Advantage CHAPTER RESOURCES • 2. Classes of Levers • D. The body’s levers can be used effectively. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

14. SIMULATION SIMULATION CLASSZONE.COM Assemble a virtual skeleton. Explore how a lever works. CHAPTER HOME Image Gallery Click on the icons to see a larger image or animation.

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