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Announcements

Announcements. This Wednesday we’ll go through an ECG circuit including the right leg drive. If you know it, you can work on LabView or on etching your circuit. How to etch your circuit? Karen is running that: her schedule: Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays 4:30-6pm; Fridays 1:30-4pm.

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Announcements

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  1. Announcements • This Wednesday we’ll go through an ECG circuit including the right leg drive. If you know it, you can work on LabView or on etching your circuit. • How to etch your circuit? Karen is running that: her schedule: Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays 4:30-6pm; Fridays 1:30-4pm. • You will receive a protocol by email, which you should read (only 2 pages) BEFORE going to room 6.

  2. Biomaterials A multidisciplinary perspective

  3. Synthetic and natural biomaterials • What is a biomaterial? Any material that is used in contact with biological systems. • Examples: medical applications; substrates for cell growth; assays for blood proteins; implants to regulate fertility in cattle; cell-silicon biochips. • More formally, biomaterials are intended to interact with biological systems. • Interactionmeans that the device AND the biological system are considered.

  4. Examples: you may have seen one: • Haemodialysis (membrane and catheters) • Heart valve prostheses • Artificial hip joints • Dental implants • Intraocular lenses • Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) • ______________________? • _______________________? • _______________________?

  5. How big is the market? All these markets involve engineers, material scientists, “need-driven” product design

  6. How does a potentially successful implant originate?

  7. Haemodialysis machine (prevents blood clotting) Semi-permeable membrane

  8. The “dialyzer” Hemofiltration is NOT the same as hemodialysis? http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/kdictionary/images/dialyzer.jpg http://som.flinders.edu.au/FUSA/BME/Clin/MichelleDialysis/Michelle_pics/fiber_dialyzer.gif

  9. LVAD – acute and chronic http://services.epnet.com/GetImage.aspx/getImage.aspx?ImageIID=6333

  10. Hip joint replacement http://www.arc.org.uk/about_arth/booklets/6018/images/6018_1.gif http://www.eorthopod.com/images/ContentImages/hip/hip_arthroplasty/hip_arthroplasty_intro01.jpg

  11. Challenges include design and monitoring of implants over time http://www.gentili.net/thr/baseline.htm

  12. Example: Intraoperative fracture of the proximal femur http://www.gentili.net/thr/intraopfx.htm

  13. Solution: Femoral shaft fracture fixed with cerclage cables.What else could you have done? Intraoperative fracture of the femur at the tip of the femoral stem. http://www.gentili.net/thr/intraopfx.htm

  14. Heart valve replacement • 95% of the replacements are for the mitral and aortic valves (left side of the heart) • (a) mechanical valves • (b) tissue valves • (c) homografts or allografts

  15. Heart valves: mechanical x biological • Problems: • Blood clots • Tissue degeneration • Mechanical failure • Infection http://www.sts.org/sections/patientinformation/valvesurgery/aorticvalve/index.html Interesting info:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/heartvalvediseases.html

  16. Foldable intraocular lenses “Eyes of the World supplies one-piece PMMA (Poly Methyl Metha Acrylate) Intraocular lenses for implantation into the human or animal eye in cataract surgery.” http://www.buyusa.gov/norway/en/fuse.html?exp_cat=4520&exp_pid=42 http://www.thecylinder.net/index/intraocularlens.jpg

  17. Anatomy of the eye http://webvision.med.utah.edu/sretina.html

  18. Stanford’s cornea Idea: use two kinds of hydrogels to microfabricate channels around the periphery of the lens. The hope is that epithelial cells will grow in these channels. http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2006/september13/cornea-091306.html

  19. Ethics issues in biomaterials • You are the designer of a new implantable circuit to automatically control cholesterol levels. You are conservative, and have used redundancy. Your circuit will work for the next 30 years non-stop. This device (A) costs $10k. • Should you also offer a device (B) with no redundancy, at a $1k cost, with no warranty of shelf life after implantation?

  20. Homework #5, due Feb 26th. No extensions this time. • Write a maximum of one page, including references, about the LVAD. You will be graded as follows: 1. background research (bibliography) 25% 2. succinct description of the device 35% 3. creative ideas as alternatives to the LVAD 40% What do I expect? 3 paragraphs: what is the LVAD, why it’s used, details on the function and implementations of the device; discussion of the main problems; your solutions to fix them.

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