Input and Output

1. Input and Output • Describe input • Input Devices • Keyboard entry, pointing devices, scanning devices • Image capture, digitizing, audio-input devices • Output • Monitors, printers, audio output • Combination input and output devices IT Fundamentals

2. INPUT • INPUT • Input is any data or instructions entered into the memory of a computer. • Input Devices • An input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data or instructions, programs, commands and user responses into a computer. • Translate what language people understand into a form that computer can process • keyboard, mouse, stylus, digital pen, microphone, digital camera and scanner, audio input device. IT Fundamentals

3. Keyboard Entry • Translate numbers, letters and special characters • 3 types of keyboard • Traditional keyboard • Space-saving folding keyboards • Ergonomic keyboard IT Fundamentals

4. Keyboard Entry • Traditional keyboard • ESC: escape key, cancel a selection or a procedure • Function keys: shortcut for specific tasks • Numeric keypad • numbers, arithmetic symbols • Controls cursor or insertion point • Navigation keys • Controls cursor or insertion point • Windows key: displays the start menu • Spacebar: enters blank spaces between characters • Caps lock: toggle key • Ctrl, shift key: combination keys IT Fundamentals

5. Pointing devices • The most natural gestures of human • Many kinds of pointing devices • Mouse • Mechanical mouse • Left button • Right button • Roller ball • Optical mouse • Cordless or wireless mouse • Something similar to mouse • Trackball(roller ball) • Touchpad • Pointing stick IT Fundamentals

6. Pointing devices • Many kinds of pointing devices • Joystick • Primary used for games • Touch screen • Touch-sensitive display device. Users interface with these devices by touching areas of the screen with a finger IT Fundamentals

7. pointing devices • Light pen • Light-sensitive penlike device • Stylus pen • digital pen IT Fundamentals

8. Examples of Direct Entry Input Devices(1) Scanner • Also called optical scanner, is a light-sensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then translates the results into a form the computer can process. • Flatbed、Pen、Sheet-fed、Drum IT Fundamentals

9. Barcode Readers • A bar code scanner is an optical reader that uses laser beams to read bar codes. It is an identification code that consists of a set of vertical lines and spaces of different widths. The bar code represents data that identifies the manufacturer and the item. IT Fundamentals

10. Character and mark recognition devices • Scanners that are able to recognize special characters and marks. • 3 types • Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR) • Optical-character recognition (OCR) • Optical-mark recognition (OMR), mark sensing IT Fundamentals

11. MICR • Application of OMR • OCR IT Fundamentals

12. Image capturing devices • Create or capture original images • Digital cameras • Images are recorded digitally on a disk or in the cameras memory • Take a picture, view it immediately • Digital video cameras • Record motion digitally • Webcams • Specialized digital video cameras IT Fundamentals

13. Digitizing devices • Convert a sketch or figure into a form that can be processed by a computer • Consist of flat surface and a writing device • 2 kinds of digitizing devices • Graphic tablets • Used by artists, mapmakers, engineers • Digital notebooks • Use a notepad positioned on top of an electronic pad or tablet • Electronic pad records the notes taken and drawings created by regular pen IT Fundamentals

14. Graphic tablets • Digital notebook IT Fundamentals

15. Audio-input devices • Convert sounds for processing • Microphone • Voice recognition systems • Use a microphone, sound card, special software • 2 types of voice recognition systems • Discrete-speech recognition systems • Can recognize individual words • Cannot distinguish between same-sound words • Continuous-speech recognition systems • Distinguish between same-sound words by evaluating the context • Example:IBM Via Voice IT Fundamentals

16. Voice recognition system and dictating a paper • Preparing • Create your personal user profile,which will store your speech patterns • Read prearranged standard text to teach the software your unique speech patterns • Refine your profile to include specialized vocabulary • Using a microphone, dictating the text in word • Surfing • Start internet explore • Go to address www.yahoo.com. • Click auctions IT Fundamentals

17. Examples of Direct Entry Input Devices(2) Data Collection Device obtains data directly at the location where the transaction or event takes place. Sensors • encode a physical event into data • pressure sensor temperature sensor IT Fundamentals

18. Terminals • a device that enables you to communicate with a computer. Generally, a terminal is a combination of keyboard and display screen • Point-of-Sale Terminals(POS) • The POS transaction is captured using a variety of devices which include computers, cash registers, optical and bar code scanners, magnetic card readers, or any combination of these devices. IT Fundamentals

19. Terminals IT Fundamentals

20. Terminals • Automated Teller Machine (ATM) • A computerized telecommunications device that provides the customers of a financial institution with access to financial transactions in a public space without the need for a human clerk or bank teller. • On most modern ATMs, the customer is identified by inserting a plastic ATM card with a magnetic stripe or a plastic smartcard with a chip, which contains a unique card number and some security information, such as an expiration date. • Security is provided by the customer entering a personal identification number (PIN). IT Fundamentals

21. Terminals • ATM IT Fundamentals

22. Terminals • Smart Displays • Smart Display was a Microsoft initiative to use a portable touchscreen LCD monitor as a thin client for PCs, connecting via Wi-Fi(Wireless Fidelity) IT Fundamentals

23. Biometric Input • Biometrics • the study of measurable biological characteristics. • In computer security, biometrics refers to authentication techniques that rely on measurable physical characteristics that can be automatically checked • several types of biometric identification schemes IT Fundamentals

24. Biometric Input • Biometric devices • A biometric device is a device that translates a personal characteristic into a digital code that is compared with a digital code stored in a computer • Biometric Flash Disk device IT Fundamentals

25. User Interface(UI) • The junction between a user and a computer program. (1) A command-driven interface (2) A menu-driven interface: • Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) IT Fundamentals