Flagships Programmes of Government of India

4. Flagships Programmes of Government of India • Sarva Siksha Abhiyan – (10,041 + 8746 transferred from education cess = 18787 ) • Mid-day Meal Scheme • Rajiv Gandhi Drinking Water Mission • Total Sanitation Campaign • National Rural Health Mission • Integrated Child Development Services • National Rural Employment Gurantee Scheme • Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission Total allocation in 2005-06 was 34927 crores – Total allocation in 2006-07 is 50,015, an increase of 43.2 %

7. Decline in Infant Mortality Rate in Disadvantaged States

9. Water and Sanitation in Schools

10. Newborn Admission and Deaths - Newborn Care Unit Purulia District Hospital A 10-bed sick newborn unit in a district hospital, air conditioned, with oxygen supply, nursing station and other cost effective and efficient equipment such as an infusion pump, blood gas analyzer, radiant warmer, phototherapy unit, etc. Six Stabilization Units - 4 functional - Partnership – State Govt., District administration, Panchayat, District Health & FW sector, NGO, UNICEF ADVOCACY, PLANNING, RESTRUCTURING, STAFFING, SUPPLIES, TRAINING, innovating (Newborn aides) – Mortality reduced by half.

11. Changes in Malnutrition levels in Bihar : through Nutrition interventions • 8% decline in the prevalence of underweight among children under three, • 20% increase in the use of colostrum feeding within one hour of birth, • 20% decline in the episodes of diarrhea in under-3, and • 30% increase in the consumption of adequately iodized salt

12. Location of poliovirus, India 2003 - 2006 2003 2004 225 cases in 87 districts 134 cases in 43 districts 2005 2006* 66 cases in 35 districts 26 cases in 14 districts * data as on 8th May, 2006

13. Constraints • Broad Issues: • Management and systemic bottlenecks particularly in disadvantaged states • Low levels of community involvement in management of services • Predominance of vertical, issue-specific approaches • Staffing: Frequent transfers, vacant posts particularly in remote locations, poor performance of service-providers (i.e. attendance rates of teachers) • Weak monitoring systems and limited use of evidence at local levels • Political considerations have influenced programmatic decisions

14. Constraints • Specific to UNICEF: • Predominance of sectoral programmes with limited focus on intersectoral collaboration • Limited emphasis on integrated behaviour change communication • Overlap in responsibility between national and state level officers • Limited capacity in certain states (Chattisgarh, Jharkhand and Assam) • Lack of flexibility in certain procedures • Programme/project perspective with a need to realign staff to becoming more involved in policy, systems and governance related issues

17. Full Immunisation under Universal Immunisation programme (per cent)

22. Deterioration in governance • Increasing politicization of administration, eroding the stability of tenure and undercutting managerial authority • Administrative fragmentation leading to a proliferation of senior positions • Little concern for correct reporting and outcome monitoring • Building networks with patrons and politicians • System is committed to service provider, but not to service provision • Honesty, impartiality, and commitment to public welfare are no longer being demanded

23. Why are we not changing the system? • Those who can change actually benefit from chaos & leakages • They are indifferent, as they do not lose due to bad delivery • Effecting change is beyond them (short tenure, risk, lack of consensus) • Laying down a road map and sequencing of reforms is as important as the reform itself

24. UNICEF’s role in knowledge management • Recruitment procedure for teachers and medical staff • Promotion of para teachers to regular teachers • Transparency in postings, esp to remote areas • Avoiding delays in salary disbursement • Teachers’ involvement in MDM • Decentralisation of SNP supplies in ICDS • Partnership with NGOs; how are NGOs selected? • Effective utilisation of IEC funds in sanitation • Develop indicators for judging quality • Panchayat & Other Committees’ involvement & accountability • Partnerships with Planning Dept & ATI • States learn from each other, hence establish a tradition of multi-statestudies; collect best practices

25. UNICEF Country Programme: New challenges and changing Role

26. Role of UN in the 21st Century • Building institutional capacities • Advocacy, standards and norms • Post crisis response

27. On-going Reform: ‘Three Ones’ • There is a changing UN culture – from agency-specific to real UN system-wide thinking and joint results 1 Programme Team Leader

28. Country Office n ¤ Field Offices UNICEF: A national and state presence New Delhi Jaipur Lucknow ¤ ¤ Patna ¤ Guwahati ¤ Ranchi ¤ ¤ ¤ Bhopal ¤ Kolkata Gandhinagar ¤ Raipur ¤ ¤ Bhubaneshwar ¤ Mumbai ¤ Hyderabad ¤ Chennai

29. CP HIVAIDS The Country Programme in 2003-2007 Reduce IMR -MMR Reduce Child Malnutrition Enhance Child Protection Ensure quality primary education Prevent HIVAIDS Empowered families & communities Expanded partnerships Improved knowledge base on children Under - 3 School Age Adolescence RCH CDN CE Educ Advocacy & Partnerships PME

30. Summary of Key Results • Progress with salt iodization in certain states, increase from 37% in 2003 to 57% in 2005. • “Last mile” for polio • Vitamin A supplementation increased with positive implications for well-being of children: i.e. 76.2% for the May 2005 round in 12 – 36 months children in Orissa • While sanitation remains low nationwide, sanitary marts have transformed West Bengal: Model be scaled-up nationwide • Water and sanitation facilities in schools dramatically increased, with positive implications for girls’ attendance and also changing behaviors within communities • Effective models developed for reducing mortality in first month of life; reducing malnutrition and also increasing performance of schools. Challenge now to “go to scale” while maintaining quality and sustainability.

31. Changing role of UNICEF…. Promoting Political, Economic and Social Inclusion by: • Normative Agenda • Modeling innovative interventions • Knowledge Management and Analysis • Systems Strengthening at district level • Community Empowerment • Behaviour Change at household level