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ICS 52: Introduction to Software Engineering

ICS 52: Introduction to Software Engineering. Lecture Notes for Summer Quarter, 2003 Michele Rousseau Midterm Review

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ICS 52: Introduction to Software Engineering

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  1. ICS 52: Introduction to Software Engineering Lecture Notes for Summer Quarter, 2003 Michele Rousseau Midterm Review Partially based on lecture notes written by Sommerville, Frost, Easterbrook & Tonne.. Duplication of course material for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the lecturers is prohibited

  2. Exam Information • The exam will be given in lecture, so you’ll have 120 minutes. • The exam is closed book, closed notes, closed laptops and of course you can’t consult your classmates. • Try to space yourselves out

  3. Exam coverage • Lecture topics 1-8 • Sommerville, chapters 1-3, 5-12, 14

  4. Software Engineering Basics (Topic 1) • What is Software Engineering? • What is software (other than just programs) • What is the goal of software engineering (Why do it?) • What is the software crisis • How does it differ from… • Programming • Architecture (how is it like this too?)

  5. The five P’s • People • Product • Project • Process • Professionalism

  6. Software Qualities (Topic 2) • Correctness • Reliability • Robustness • Performance • Usability • Maintainability • Corrective • Adaptive • Perfective • Repairability • Evolvability • Reusability • Portability • Safety • Verifiability • Why not have them all?

  7. Software Process (Topic 2) • What is it? • Fundamental Activities of a software lifecycle • Requirements/Specification • Architecture/Design • Implementation • Integration • Operation/Maintenance

  8. Software Lifecycle Model • What are the Models? • Stepwise Development • Waterfall • Rapid Prototyping • Spiral • Incremental • Synchronize-and-Stabilize • Evolutionary – in book chpt 3 (pg 46) • What are the pros and cons of each

  9. Software Principles (Topic 3) • What are they? • Rigor & Formality – to be exact or precise • Separation of Concerns – “Divide & Conquer” • Modularity – divide into smaller pieces/modules • Abstraction – abstract away unnecessary details • Anticipation of Change • Generality – focus on discovering a more general problem • Incrementality – proceed in stepwise fashion (increments Use more indepth definitions in lecture slides

  10. Software Principles • How do they apply to Requirements? • How do they apply to Design? • Know the benefits of them and why they are necessary

  11. Requirements Engineering (Topic 4) • What is Requirements Engineering? • What is the process? • Feasibility study • Requirements elicitation and analysis • Requirements specification • Requirements Validation • What is a feasibilty study? • What are the problems with Requirements Analysis? (What makes it hard?) • Domain issues • Communication issues • Details in slides

  12. Requirements Specification • What does a requirements specification say about the system? What does is describe? • Why is it important to get them right? • What is the difference between a functional and non-functional requirement? • What is an acceptance test plan? • How do we measure non-functional requirements?

  13. Requirements continued • What are the different techniques we discussed? • What is wrong with Natural language documents? • What are our alternatives? (topic 5) • What are some of the problems we typically run into with requirements (topic 5) • What are enduring vs. volatile requirements? • What are some basic guidelines for writing requirements? • How can we verify them?

  14. Alternatives to NL • Structured Language • Form-based Specifications • PDL-Based • Formal Specifications • Abstract model • Algebraic • State Transition • Axiomatic

  15. Requirements • You should know how to interview a customer to elicit requirements. • You should know how to write a textual (non-formal) requirements document. • You should understand the structure of a requirements document and know the appropriate kinds of information in such a document.

  16. Alternatives to NL • For each you should know… • What they are. • Why we use them. • When do we use them? • Pros/Cons • Can we only use one style for a system?

  17. Software Architecture • Know the difference between Architectural Design and Module Design (Topic 6) • What is Architectural Design? • What is its purpose? • What does it describe • Why do we do it & advantages • Know the different parts of the Architectural Design Process • System Structuring • Control Modeling • Modular Decomposition • Differences between Subsystems and Modules

  18. More on S/w Arch (Topic 6) • Can one model work for everything? • Should you only use 1 model for an entire system? • What does a model consist of? • Components • Connectors • Constraints • Interfaces

  19. Know the Models (Topics 6 & 7) • General Models • Structural • Repository • MVC – Model View Controller (Good for UIs) • Client-Server • Layered (or Abstract Machine) Model • Control Models • Centralized Control Models • Call-return Model • Real-Time system Control Model • Event Driven • Broadcast Model • Interrupt-Driven Control • Modular Decomposition • DataFlow • Pipe & Filter (DataFlow Model) • Object Models • Domain Specific • Generic (Bottom-Up) • Reference (Top-Down)

  20. Models continued • Know what type of models they are • General • System Structuring • Control Modeling • Modular Decomposition • Domain Specific • Pros/Cons

  21. Design (Topic 7&8) • What makes a good design? • How do the principles apply? • What is a Module? • What is an Abstract Data type? • What is the goal… why use them? • What is information hiding? • Interfaces • Why do we need them? – why are they important? • What do they do?

  22. Module Basics (Topic 8) • Information Hiding • Reusable Modules • Designing for Program Families • What is a program family? • Why should we design for it? • Why are these important? • What are the Cons

  23. Design Continued (Topic 8) • Know Uses diagrams • What do they represent? • Is it the same as an invokes diagram? • A diagram that shows all calls between modules • What is fan-in and fan out (with respect to diagrams)? • Which is more desirable and why? • Know what is-component-of relationship is • How does it relate to is-composed-of • Or Comprises diagram

  24. Design continued • What is Stepwise refinement? • Top-down, bottom-up • Pros/Cons • What are the tools of the trade or techniques for design? • Apply Information Hiding • Use the Requirements Document • Anticipate Change • Design for incrementality/generality (Reuse) • Design for Program families • Determine usage patterns

  25. Architecture/Design • Are architectures reusable? • What is coupling? • What is cohesion? • Try to keep in mind what the underlying goals of software engineering are… • Why do we do this? • Remember there are pros & cons to everything • There are cost trade-offs.. What are they?

  26. Basic Format • Short Answer • Long Answer • Multiple choice • Maybe some T/F • Some Tips • Don’t wait until the last minute to study • Study Groups • Come prepared you’ll get more out of it. • Study on your own again after study group • Get a good nights sleep and don’t starve yourself the day of the test • Good brain food – nuts.. Not so good – carbs • If you don’t know the answer off the top of your head--- move on to the next question • Go for the points – balance your time

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