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The Greek Way

The Greek Way. Humanism and the Western Tradition. I. Tale of Two Wars. Myth, History and the Greek Mind. A. The Anger of Achilles. Achaeans (Greeks). B. Nike! . Heroes and History. Archaic Period - “heroic individualism” - acceptance of Fate

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The Greek Way

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  1. The Greek Way Humanism and the Western Tradition

  2. I. Tale of Two Wars Myth, History and the Greek Mind

  3. A. The Anger of Achilles Achaeans (Greeks)

  4. B. Nike!

  5. Heroes and History Archaic Period - “heroic individualism” - acceptance of Fate The Iliad& The OdysseyHomerca. 800-700 BCE

  6. Marathon, 490 BCE v. Darius I Thermopylae, 480 BCE v. Xerxes Salamis, 480 BCE Platea, 479 BCE

  7. Herodotus the “Father of History”- continuity- freedom- interest in other cultures- hubris History without myth- human actors, motivations

  8. The Lust for Life Odysseus and Achilles I would rather be a paid servant in a poor man's house and be above ground than king of kings among the dead. Humanism

  9. II. Epochs Bronze Age pre 1200 BCE Mycenaeans Minoans

  10. Greek Dark Ages 1200-800 BCE

  11. A. Archaic Environment & Culture Crossroads of civilization Necessity and invention

  12. Ionian philosophy • Rationalism - nature composed of elements - universe was not random (laws) - gods in-active

  13. 2. Thales of Miletus ca. 600 BCE Change v. permanence materialism

  14. The Polis - abstract; artificial “The state…aims at the highest good.”- Aristotle

  15. Hoplite Culture 1. Citizen-soldiers phalanx Enfranchisement Egalitarian Patriotic Patriarchal Athenian hoplite

  16. Tyranny - anti-king, law-givers - merit v. heredity

  17. Cultural life Centrality of human existence to arts Discobulusby Myron 400s BCE

  18. II. Hellenic Powers Sparta and Athens

  19. A. Sparta • Conquest, class and conflict600s BCE helots

  20. 2. Reforms of Lycurgus ca. 600 BCE “eunomia” - state supportkleros

  21. 3. Service to the state - mentors Delayed citizenship Xenophobia 4. “Liberated” women

  22. C. Athens

  23. 1. Draco620 BCE - written codes 2. Along came Solon594 BCE wealth corrupted men Militarism cowed men Economic reforms

  24. 3. Cleisthenes508 BCE - political reform - demos→ “the people”

  25. III. The Hellenic Achievement Classical Age, 500-323 BCE

  26. A. The Persian Wars • Miletan Revolt 499 BCE [ Cyrus the Greatd. 530 BCE] - Darius I d. 485

  27. 2. Battle of Marathon 490 BCE

  28. 3. Greek unity - Thermopylae 480 BCE Leonidas - Salamis 479 BCEThemistocles Conclusion? - Go Greek

  29. B. Athens’ Advance • Pericles495-421 BCE - links freedom to expansion

  30. C. Limits of democracy • The Delian League477 BCE - prosperity / slavery rise

  31. 2. Women and public life - heirs v. wives Aspasia, a hetaira Teaching a woman to read and write? Like feeding a vile snake on more poison- Menander the Athenian

  32. D. Peloponnesian War 431-404 BCE 1. War on land and sea

  33. 2. War and democracy - demagoguery - impatience - slave revolt Alcibiades

  34. 3. Defeat of Athens - Greece vulnerable to conquest - dramatic reassessment of human nature, politics

  35. IV. Age of Introspection The heights of Classical thought *from external to internal philosophy*

  36. A. Philosophy • The Sophists - radical skepticism / relativism Man is the measure of all things- Protagorus

  37. 2. Socrates469-399 BCE - Socratic Methoddialogue or dialectic - knowledge (virtue) developed from within Challenge all popular beliefs

  38. 3. Plato429-347 BCE The Republic - why did Athenian democracy fail? - Allegory of the Cave

  39. B. The Humanities 1. Drama - focus on human dilemmas “reality” Sophocles Oedipus Rex and Antigone

  40. 2. History - Herodotus “lesson,” or thesis - Thucydides objective, investigative

  41. VII. The Hellenistic Period

  42. A. Macedonians 1. Philip IId. 336 BCE - Hellenization - showdown with Persia

  43. B. Alexander • War & legitimacy - Calisthenes - Granikos River 334; Gaugamela, 331

  44. 2. Alexandrian empire 336-323 BCE

  45. C. The Hellenistic Environment 1. Division

  46. 2. Cultural fusion - migration - koine “common Greek” 3. Decline of the polis

  47. D. Hellenistic philosophy 1. Aristotle 384-322 BCE - empirical data, careful observation - minimize errors of senses - another early basis of scientific method

  48. 2. Anti-Aristotle Zeno - Stoicism Epicurus - purpose is pleasure Diogenes - Cynicism

  49. Hellenistic Legacy 1. Language of the ancient world 2. Western “achievement” not confined to Greeks 3. Accelerated the rise of Rome

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