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Earthquakes and Preparedness

Earthquakes and Preparedness. Acknowledgements: Sue Wu, Senior Educator, Earth Sciences Lab, OMSI , swu@omsi.edu ; Judy Warren, Diocesan Disaster Coordinator, Diocese of Eastern Oregon; Sheryl Gerety, Associate Coordinator, Rich Halter, and Kimberly Ligon, Diocesan Disaster Preparedness Team.

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Earthquakes and Preparedness

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  1. Earthquakes and Preparedness Acknowledgements: Sue Wu, Senior Educator, Earth Sciences Lab, OMSI,swu@omsi.edu; Judy Warren, Diocesan Disaster Coordinator, Diocese of Eastern Oregon; Sheryl Gerety, Associate Coordinator, Rich Halter, and Kimberly Ligon, Diocesan Disaster Preparedness Team. Slides also come from: Cascadia Earthscope Earthquake and Tsunami Education Program: http://ceetep.oregonstate.edu/ Episcopal Diocese of Oregon Rt. Rev. Michael J. Hanley, Bp. 6/17- Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  2. Developed by the Diocesan Disaster Preparedness Program Provide parishes and individuals: • Assistance with planning and preparation for disasters and emergencies • Assistance with longer term response and recovery • Coordination with national church, state, and federal disaster programs and assistance 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  3. Diocesan Disaster Preparedness ProgramTeam • Dick Raub – Co-Coordinator, Beaverton, St. Bart’s • Carter Hawley, Venerable (Archdeacon) – Co-Coordinator, Portland, Bishop’s Close • Sheryl Gerety – Coos Bay, Emmanuel • Richard Halter – Monmouth, St. Hilda • Katie Moss – Forest Grove, St Bede’s 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  4. Our Major Concern Cascadia Subduction Zone • What it? • where the San Juan De Fuca ocean plate is moving (subducting) under the North American continental plate • Why is this important? • sudden movement can produce a major earthquake • can cause significant damage and result in a tsunami Today’s presentation will cover three topics: • Earthquakes and tsunamis • How to prepare • What to do when an earthquake or tsunami strike 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  5. It’s okay 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  6. Earthquakes • Any measurable shaking of the ground • Normally natural causes but can be manmade • When ongoing movement sticks then releases suddenly • Most movement of earth’s crust along a “fault” line Two Types of earthquakes • Transform or strike-slip - horizontal movement • Convergent- one crust rides up and over another or collide 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  7. Transform Earthquakes • Best known fault is San Andreas • In Oregon, two major faults: Klamath Falls and Scott Mills (east of Portland) Note: a known fault runs under Oregon State University San Andreas Fault 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  8. Convergent Earthquakes • Most active faults lie along the Pacific plates – “Ring of Fire” • Cascadia Fault is where San Juan de Fuca plate rides under the North American plate • Affects Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. movement Cascadia Fault 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  9. Measurement of Earthquakes • Measured by an instrument called a “seismometer” • Measures amount of instantaneous energy released • Uses Moment Magnitude Scale (MMS) (originally called “Richter”) • Logarithmic scale: 1 means 32 times the energy of a “standard background”; 2 is 1024 times; 9 is 35 followed by 12 zeros times • MMS implies but not necessarily corresponds to damage 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  10. Most Severe Quakes Since 2000 Yellow - transform 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  11. Recent Pacific Northwest Earthquakes * Related to Cascadia Seduction zone) 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  12. Tsunami • When stuck plates release, continental plate which has been compressed springs back • Can create a tsunami (wave), that spreads outward • In open water, tsunami barely visible on surface, travels up to 500 miles per hour • Approaching shore, wave (actually a wall of water) slows down and increases in height • Oregon has long, shallow coast, wave can build higher 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  13. Tsunamis • Warning signs: • strong ground shaking of 20 seconds or more (2011 Tohoku, Japan quake was 5 minutes), or • loud ocean roar, or • water receding unusually far • 15 – 30 minutes after earthquake • Wave heights (Tohoku) • Height at beach up to 20 meters (65 feet) • Total height of water above sea level up to 40 meters (130 feet) • Come in multiple waves 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  14. Damage and Tsunami Pictures Japan - Sendai Japan - Sendai 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  15. Cascadia Earthquake and Tsunami January 26, 1700 (also called orphan tsunami) Estimated magnitude: 8.7 -9.2 Evidence of tsunami: trees in ghost forest died between fall 1699 and spring 1700, tsunami sands, tribal oral histories Multiple layers of ocean sands Copalis, WA Ghost Forest Japanese 1700 Tsunami Marker Message in Japanese “do not build below this marker” Some date to January 26, 1700 corresponds to last Cascadia earthquake Highest is 128 feet (39 meters) above sea level 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  16. Estimated Time for Service Recovery – Oregon Under Present Conditions 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  17. Preparation - Personal/Family 1. Identify and fix hazards in house (things that will fall) • furniture, especially bookshelves and wall mounted TVs • water heater – bolted to concrete wall • know how to turn off gas, water, and electricity 2. Create a disaster plan • personal out-of-area contacts • how to evacuate, where to meet 3. Have adequate supplies to cover living up to several days 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  18. Preparation - Parishes • Churches are important in emergencies • Mission and ministry is to provide for others, especially those who may need assistance • Reduce risks to facilities: can be a point of refuge for the community Planning for the Parish • Meet-up locations • Emergency preparedness plan (template available from the Diocese – see resource sheet) • Up-to-date parish list of names for roll call • Ensure responsibility for contact of more vulnerable parishioners • Suggest someone have access to satellite phone • Have names of ham radio operators 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  19. Preparation – Community • Refuges in tsunami zones • Community resources – who, what, where, and when • Tools and implements for debris removal • Neighborhood preparedness • Sources of drinking water and food • Extrication and digging tools • Meet-up locations • Shelters • Red Cross preparedness programs • Names for CERT (Community Emergency Response Teams) and COAD (Community Organizations Active in Disaster) • Ham radio operators 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  20. Retrofitting Houses 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator • bolt house to foundation (anchor bolt every 4-6 feet) • plywood shear walls- crawlspace and house walls • soft first stories (garage, large windows) need reinforcement • water heater bolted to concrete wall • automatic earthquake shut-off valve for gas line

  21. Personal/FamilyEvacuate or Remain in Home Tied to Bed • Flashlight/Head-Lamp • Sturdy shoes • Leather gloves • Crowbar 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator Evacuate: • GO Bag – 72 hours of supplies (see http://www.diocese-oregon.org/disaster-preparedness-program/ • Fuel for automobile Remain in Home- 3 months worth of: • See Personal Preparedness Checklist (on the same Diocesan site) • NOAA weather radio with Public Alert feature • Copy of important documents in waterproof bag

  22. During an Earthquake 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  23. During an Earthquake If inside: • Stay inside if cover available (use door frame only if nothing else is available). If must leave, rapidly walk or crawl along the walls. • Even a chair can protect the head If outside: • Find place to protect head and body • Move away from buildings to a distance up to 1 ½ the a building’s height Remember, in an earthquake of magnitude 8 or higher, may not be able to walk - crawl 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  24. Churches and Earthquakes • Church buildings often large, open structures • Older buildings not earthquake proof • Limited area for taking cover • Complete preparedness plans • Conduct evacuation drills – be especially aware of building’s location related to tsunami zone 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  25. Tsunami 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  26. What to Do During Tsunami 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator May not feel earthquake; receding waters are best clue Go to at least 100 feet above sea level Tsunami waves may last for 12 hours or even several days. Large aftershocks can produce more tsunami waves Debris, hazardous materials are carried by the waves

  27. Cascadia Tsunami • Know tsunami maps for your locations • With Cascadia earthquake, may have up to 20 minutes before tsunami strikes • Head toward safe refuge on high ground or a constructed safe refuge (know which route is shortest) • Driving may not be best: damaged bridges, congestion • Walk as fast a possible 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  28. After the Earthquake or Tsunami 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator Check for hurt people Check for fire risk – shut off gas, electrical breaker box, and water if needed; have gas company turn gas back on Expect aftershocks Outside help may take 72 hours or even longer Give people tasks to do

  29. Food and Water 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator Food and Water • Water • 30-40 gallons in water heater • Toilet tank about 7 gallons of water • Liquids in canned foods • Food Frozen food keeps 3 days in unopened freezer – eat ice cream first! Once opened, foods in freezer will begin to defrost rapidly

  30. Personal Response • If capable, go to meet-up areas and learn how you can help • Provide basic first aid or palliative care as needed • Communicate requests for other immediate aid to Emergency Management Agency or specifically designated disaster coordinators • Consider providing food or shelter as needed • Assume responsibilities • If not directly involved, be prepared to follow instructions from response agencies 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  31. Parish Response • Verify safety/condition of parishioners • Assess damage to facilities • Contact Diocese – bishop, canon for ordinary, ER-D Coordinator, diocesan administrator, diocesan disaster coordinator with update as soon as communication possible. May need subsequent updates. How can Diocese help? • Make available skills and assets (personal and parish) for response and recovery to CERT, COAD, or local emergency response teams (part of parish comprehensive disaster preparedness plan). Ensure Asset Map is completed. 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  32. Community Response • Coordinate efforts with response organizations • Activate organizational response team (if have one) • Determine where volunteers should report and what is needed • May be needed to help with evacuation • Do not self-deploy or spontaneously volunteer • Communicate known needs of others upward, not directly • Emergency service providers and Community Organizations Active in Disaster (COAD) and Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) have structure to direct proper aid • Note: going directly may disrupt supply of aid 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  33. Many Excellent Preparedness Resources(some examples) 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator “Living on Shaky Ground: How to Survive Earthquake and Tsunamis in Oregon” The Great Shakeout www.shakeout.org/Oregon Email Earthquake alerts https://sslearthquake.usgs.gov/ens/help Book on seismic upgrade for houses and buildings: • Yanev, Peter I. and C.T. Thompson. Peace of Mind in Earthquake Country. 3rd edition. 2008. Chronicle Books. • Episcopal Relief and Development (national) “US Disaster Program” http://www.episcopalrelief.org/what-we-do/us-disaster-program

  34. Content Bibliography OPB “Unprepared” http://www.opb.org/news/series/unprepared/ IRIS (Incorporated Research Institutes for Seismology) Active Earth kiosk https://www.iris.edu/hq/programs/education_and_outreach/museum_displays/active_earth Pacific Northwest Seismic Network http://pnsn.org/ USGS earthquakes http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/ Atwater, Brian, et.al. The Orphan Tsunami of 1700. 2005. Seattle: University of Washington Press. http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1707/ Oregon State University article on the earthquake record for the past 10,000 years http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1661f/ How big was that quake http://serc.carleton.edu/quantskills/methods/quantlit/Earthquake_mag.html Earthquake calculator http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/calculator.php Tsunami preparedness http://www.oregongeology.org/tsuclearinghouse/thmp.htm “Unprepared: an Oregon Field Guide Special” http://www.opb.org/television/programs/ofg/episodes/2701/ 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

  35. THANK YOU Please contact the Diocesan Disaster Coordinator for answers to questions DDCOregon@gmail.com 12/16 - Richard Raub, Diocesan (Episcopal) Disaster Coordinator

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