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Population Policies

Population Policies. Thomas Malthus. Malthus believed earth’s population was growing faster than the food supply (1798) Population grows geometrically whereas food supply increased arithmetically Today 1person/1unit of food 25 years 2persons/2 units of food

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Population Policies

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  1. Population Policies

  2. Thomas Malthus • Malthus believed earth’s population was growing faster than the food supply (1798) • Population grows geometrically whereas food supply increased arithmetically • Today 1person/1unit of food • 25 years 2persons/2 units of food • 50 years 4 persons/3 units of food • 75 years 8 persons/4 units of food • 100 years 16 persons/5 units of food

  3. Neo-Malthusians • Neo-Malthusians paint a frightening picture of a world in which billions of people are engaged in a desperate search for food and fuel. • Many LDCs have expanded their food production and economy significantly in recent years, but they have more poor people than ever before.

  4. Malthus’s Critics • Possibilism • Larger population= economic stimulation =more food supply • Esther Boserup and Julian Simon • Marxist theorist Friedrich Engels dismissed Malthus’s arithmetic as an artifact of capitalism. • The world possessed sufficient resources to eliminate global hunger and poverty, if only these resources were shared equally.

  5. Malthus and Overpopulation

  6. Malthus Theory and Reality • Vaclav Smil has shown that Malthus was fairly close to the mark on food production but much too pessimistic on population growth. • Many people in the world cannot afford to buy food or do not have access to sources of food, but these are problems of distribution of wealth rather than insufficient global production of food, as Malthus theorized.

  7. Crude Birth Rate Decline,1981–2001 Fig. 2-21: Crude birth rates declined in most countries between 1981 and 2001 (though the absolute number of births per year increased from 123 to 133 million).

  8. Reducing Birth Rates • Overall reduction in CBRs have led to a lower NIR • Two strategies have been successful in reducing birth rates. • One alternative emphasizes reliance on economic development. • The other on distribution of contraceptives.

  9. Use of Family Planning Fig. 2-22: Both the extent of family planning use and the methods used vary widely by country and culture.

  10. Epidemiologic Transition • Stage 1: Pestilence and famine • Stage 2: Receding Pandemics • Stage 3: Degenerative and Human-created Diseases • Stage 4: Delayed Degenerative Diseases • Stage 5?? Reemergence of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases • Reasons for Stage 5??

  11. Population Policies • Which countries might require a population policy? • Pro-natalist: Expansive • Anti-natalist: Restrictive • Why would a country want a pro or anti natalist policy??

  12. U.S.S.R. - pro-natalist Starting on July 8, 1944 the government of the U.S.S.R. began awarding medals to women in order to encourage a high fertility rate.

  13. Motherhood Medals

  14. China - anti-natalist 2 different programs in recent years • Later, Longer, Fewer Policy • One ChildPolicy

  15. Later, Longer, Fewer (wan xi shao) 1971 • get married later in life (mid - late twenties) • wait longer for first baby and in between babies • have fewer, 2 in urban areas & 3 in rural areas

  16. One Child Policy 1979 - rewards start once 1 child contract is signed • Rewards • free medical care • free daycare and schooling • guaranteed job for child • bonuses for parents • extra maternity leave • better housing • bigger old age pension • Penalties • must repay financial • benefits • educational, medical • benefits, & guaranteed • jobs are withdrawn • parents’ wages reduced

  17. http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop.html Carry out family planning Implement the basic national policy

  18. Clever and pretty healthy and lovely source: http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop.html

  19. http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop.html

  20. http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop.html

  21. http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop.html Do a good job in family planning to promote economic development

  22. http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html

  23. In the majority of the posters, is the 1 child male or female ? In addition to showing a happy child and parent(s), what other idea is often linked with the single child.

  24. Nepal

  25. Bolivia http://info.k4health.org/pr/j50/p5.jpg

  26. Ethiopia

  27. Indonesia

  28. Vietnam

  29. Vietnam http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3206/3150039863_cb3ba3359d.jpg?v=0

  30. India Wait until the 1st child is 3 before having your 2nd www.ecoworld.com/waters/indias-population.html

  31. Egypt

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