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CEREBRAL LATERALITY: RIGHT BRAIN/LEFT BRAIN

CEREBRAL LATERALITY: RIGHT BRAIN/LEFT BRAIN. Dominant brain and dumb brain. SPLIT-BRAIN RESEARCH. Split-brain surgery : when the corpus callosum is cut to reduce severity of epileptic seizures Has shown that right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and vice versa.

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CEREBRAL LATERALITY: RIGHT BRAIN/LEFT BRAIN

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  1. CEREBRAL LATERALITY: RIGHT BRAIN/LEFT BRAIN Dominant brain and dumb brain

  2. SPLIT-BRAIN RESEARCH • Split-brain surgery: when the corpus callosum is cut to reduce severity of epileptic seizures • Has shown that right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and vice versa

  3. SPLIT-BRAIN RESEARCH • Roger Sperry and Michael Gazzaniga studies • Showed language is housed in the left hemisphere • Right hemisphere: visual-spatial tasks (colors, arranging, recognizing)

  4. HEMISPHERIC SPECIALIZATION IN THE INTACT BRAIN • Perceptual Asymmetries: left-right imbalances btwn cerebral hemispheres in the speed of visual or auditory processing • Studied to show which hemisphere is more dominant in certain situations

  5. HEMISPHERE SPECIALIZATION LEFT HEMISPHERE RIGHT HEMISPHERE • Better at: • Verbal processing • Language, speech, reading, writing • Possible: handling emotions, links to schizophrenia • Better at: • Nonverbal processing • Spatial, musical, and visual recognition • Possible: expression of emotions, recognition of other’s emotions; classical conditioning, links to depression

  6. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM • Glands that secrete chemicals (hormones) into the bloodstream that help control body functioning • 30 different hormones • Hypothalamus controls the endocrine system

  7. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM • Hypothalamus connected to the… • Pituitary gland: releases variety of hormones that fan out in the body, stimulating actions in other endocrine glands • Pituitary gland is the “master gland” of the endocrine system

  8. HEREDITY AND BEHAVIOR Behavioral genetics: interdisciplinary field that studies the influence of genetic factors on behavioral traits

  9. CHROMOSOMES AND GENES • Chromosomes: strands of DNA molecules that carry genetic info. • 46 chromosomes (23 pairs, 1 chromosome from each parent) • Each chromosome contains Genes: DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission

  10. CHROMOSOMES AND GENES • Homozygous condition: two genes in specific pair are the same • Heterozygous condition: 2 genes in a specific pair are different • When heterozygous, the dominant gene is expressed

  11. GENOTYPE VS. PHENOTYPE • Genotype: a person’s genetic makeup • Phenotype: ways in which a person’s genotype is manifested in observable characteristics

  12. POLYGENIC INHERITANCE • Polygenic traits: characteristics that are influenced by more than one pair of genes • Most human characteristics are polygenic

  13. RESEARCH METHODS FOR INVESTIGATING HEREDITARY INFLUENCE • Family studies: examining blood relatives to see how much they resemble one another on a specific trait • Shows traits that “run in the family” • Only correlative

  14. RESEARCH METHODS CONTINUED • Twin studies: comparing the resemblance of identical and fraternal twins w/respect to a trait • Identical (monozygotic) twins: one zygote, split • Fraternal (dizygotic) twins: 2 eggs fertilized by different sperm cells, 2 separate zygotes

  15. RESEARCH METHODS CONTINUED • Adoption studies: examining resemblance btwn adopted children and both their biological and adoptive parents • Usually done only with babies given up at birth

  16. GENETIC MAPPING • Def: process of determining the location and chemical sequence of specific genes on specific chromosomes • Technology only allows for single gene mapping • Most human traits are polygenic

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