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Understanding Magnetic Fields and Motor Action in Current-Carrying Conductors

Explore the interaction of magnetic fields in motors with adjacent current-carrying conductors, understanding forces of repulsion and attraction, torque production, and induced voltage. This ECE 441 guide delves into the dynamics of two-pole motors, conductors in magnetic fields, force calculation, and direction of induced current and voltage. Discover the complexities of magnetic flux, force magnitudes, conductor alignment, and practical insights into generator and motor mechanisms.

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Understanding Magnetic Fields and Motor Action in Current-Carrying Conductors

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  1. Interaction of Magnetic Fields(Motor Action) • Look at adjacent current-carrying conductors • Currents in opposite directions • Flux “bunching” between the conductors • Force of repulsion acts to separate the conductors ECE 441

  2. Interaction of Magnetic Fields(Motor Action) • Currents in the same direction • Flux in space between conductors in “opposite” directions • Force of attraction acts to pull the conductors together ECE 441

  3. Elementary Two-Pole Motor • Rotor core with 2 insulated conductors in “slots” • A stationary magnet – the “stator” ECE 441

  4. Current-Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field ECE 441

  5. Current-Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field • Current-carrying conductor perpendicular to the B-field ECE 441

  6. Magnitude of the force on the conductor in a Magnetic Field • Magnitude of the mechanical force on the conductor is Where F = mechanical force (N) B = flux density in the stator field (T) = the effective length of the rotor conductor I = current in the rotor conductor (A) ECE 441

  7. Conductor “skewed” to the B-fieldby angle  = effective length of the rotor conductor (m) ECE 441

  8. Single-Loop Rotor CoilCarrying a CurrentSituated in a Two-Pole Field ECE 441

  9. Torque produced by the 2-conductor couple ECE 441

  10. Elementary Two-Pole Generator ECE 441

  11. Voltage induced in the coil, e • Flux through the coil window is sinusoidal • Φ= Φmaxsin(ωt) • Voltage induced in coil,e • e = N(dΦ/dt) • e = NωΦmaxcos(ωt) • Emax = ωNΦmax • Emax = 2πfNΦmax • Erms = 4.44fNΦmax ECE 441

  12. Directions of induced voltage and current • Develop CCW counter-torque • “Bunching” must occur at the top of coil side B and the bottom of coil side A • Coil current is CCW as viewed from south pole ECE 441

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