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Carbodydrates

Carbodydrates. Monosaccharides , Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Monomers and Polymers. A large molecule made up of smaller units is called a polymer The individual units that make up a polymer are called monomers. What represents a polymer ? What represents a monomer ?.

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Carbodydrates

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  1. Carbodydrates Monosaccharides, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides

  2. Monomers and Polymers • A large molecule made up of smaller units is called a polymer • The individual units that make up a polymer are called monomers • What represents a polymer? • What represents a monomer?

  3. Sugar Monomers • Sugars and starches are made from sugar monomers called monosaccharides • Glucose • Galactose • Fructose • What shapes do glucose and galactose make? • What shape does fructose make? • Sugar names end in what sound? • All sugar monomers have the formula: C6H12O6

  4. Disaccharides • A disaccharide (di – two) is formed when two monosaccharides bond together • Lactose (milk sugar) is formed from one glucose and one galactose monomer • Sucrose (table sugar) is formed from one glucose and one fructose monomer • Maltose (grain sugar) is formed from two glucosemomomers

  5. Polysaccharides • Polysaccharides (poly – many) are formed from many monosaccharides bonded together. • Plants and animals form polysaccharides to store surplus sugar. • Plants form starch, animals form glycogen • Plants also form the polysaccharide cellulose to build cell walls. Wood and paper are cellulose. • Insects form the polysaccharide chitin (kite–in)which makes up their shell.

  6. Dehydration Synthesis • Monosaccharides bond together by a process called dehydration synthesis to form larger polysaccharides • Dehydration means “taking away water” • Synthesis means “putting together” • Dehydration synthesis means building by taking away water • Watch this short animation

  7. Hydrolysis • Polysaccharides are broken apart into smaller monosaccharides by a process called hydrolysis. • Hydro- means water • -lysis means to break apart or split apart • Hydrolysis means to break apart with water • Watch this short animation

  8. Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis • This short animation demonstrates both processes. • This animation is a little more detailed about hydrolysis of sucrose (table sugar)

  9. Building Glucose • Do you remember the chemical formula for glucose? • C6H12O6 • You’ll need 6 carbon (black), 12 Hydrogen (white) and 6 oxygen (blue)

  10. Lay out your hexagon carbon ring

  11. Build the rest of the molecule starting at the #1 carbon in the ring

  12. Building a polysaccharide • Perform a dehydration synthesis with your partner to create a disaccharide • Perform a dehydration synthesis with the two disaccharides at your table to create a polysaccharide • Perform hydrolysis to separate the polysaccharide into monomer saccharides again • Disassemble your glucose molecule

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