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CHAPTER 7-A Light and Atomic Spectra

CHAPTER 7-A Light and Atomic Spectra. The Periodic Table. The periodic table is the most important organizing principle in chemistry. Chemical and physical properties of elements in the same group are similar.

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CHAPTER 7-A Light and Atomic Spectra

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  1. CHAPTER 7-A Light and Atomic Spectra © 2012 by W. W. Norton & Company

  2. The Periodic Table • The periodic table is the most important organizing principle in chemistry. • Chemical and physical properties of elements in the same group are similar. • All chemical and physical properties vary in a periodic manner, hence the name periodic table.

  3. The Periodic Table

  4. The Periodic Table

  5. The Periodic Table

  6. Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic Radiation: Energy propagated by an electromagnetic field. Electromagnetic radiation has both particle and wave nature.

  7. Electromagnetic Radiation Spectroscopy: Branch of physical science that deals with the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter Spectrometry: The quantitative measurement of the intensity of radiation at a particular wavelength of light.

  8. Wave-Like Nature of Light Frequency (, Greek nu):Number of peaks that pass a given point per unit time. Wavelength (, Greek lambda):Distance from one wave peak to the next. Amplitude:Height measured from the center of the wave. The square of the amplitude givesintensity.

  9. Wave-Like Nature of Light

  10. Wave-Like Nature of Light • Speedof a wave is the wavelength (in meters) multiplied by its frequency in reciprocal seconds. • Wavelength x Frequency = Speed •  (m) x  (s–1) = c (m/s)

  11. Wave-Like Nature of Light

  12. Particle-Like Nature of Light Electromagnetic radiation can be described as a stream of tiny particles, called photons, with a very small mass and a very large velocity. The velocity of photons traveling in a vacuum is: c = 3.00 x 108 m/s

  13. Particle-Like Nature of Light Where does a photon come from? One photon is emitted when one atom or molecule in an excited state relaxes to the ground state via the emission of radiation. E = h ν

  14. Atomic Spectra • Atomic spectra: Result from excited atoms emitting light. • Line spectra:Result from electron transitions between specific energy levels.

  15. Atomic Spectra

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