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Chapter 7

Chapter 7. Verbal Intercultural Communication. Power of Language. Language is learned unconsciously, without awareness, and is too often taken for granted Many intercultural situations are characterized by a heightened awareness about the nature of one’s language use.

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 Verbal Intercultural Communication

  2. Power of Language • Language is learned unconsciously, without awareness, and is too often taken for granted • Many intercultural situations are characterized by a heightened awareness about the nature of one’s language use

  3. Comparing Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Similarities Differences Both are symbolic. Both are rule guided. Both can be intentional or unintentional. Both are culture-bound. Nonverbal communication is usually perceived as more believable. Nonverbal can be multichanneled. Nonverbal is continuous.

  4. Definition of Verbal Codes • Verbal Codes: a set of rules about the use of words in the creation of messages • Rule systems in verbal codes govern the composition and ordering of symbols • “The relationship between rule systems and what they stand for is often highly arbitrary, particularly verbal symbols” • Pg 207

  5. Phonology Morphology Semantics Rules for combining phonemes (sound) Combining phonemes to form morphemes-smallest units of meaning Study of meaning of words Verbal Codes

  6. Semantics • Denotative Meaning • Dictionary based definition • Connotative Meaning • Personal, individually based meaning

  7. Syntactics Pragmatics Relationship of words to one another The study of how language is actually used and the effect that language has on human perceptions and behavior Verbal Codes

  8. Translation Use of verbal signs of your language to understand the verbal signs of another language Interpretation The oral process of moving from one code to another. More widely used in global economic and political environment of today Interpretation and Intercultural Communication

  9. Equivalence • “If the goal in interpreting from one language to another is to represent the source language as closely as possible, a simpler way of describing the goal is with the term equivalence” • Pg 214

  10. Types of Equivalence • Vocabulary Equivalence • Finding a word in the target language that has same meaning as source language • Idiomatic Equivalence • Expressions with meaning contrary to literal meaning of words used- “Eat your heart out” • Grammatical-syntactical Equivalence • Transferring grammatical rule system from one language to another

  11. Types of Equivalence • Experiential Equivalence • Words that have meaning in one culture but not in another-no experience with concept being described (i.e., television) • Conceptual Equivalence • How different cultures define reality

  12. Language, Thought, Culture, and Intercultural Communication • Does a person growing up in Saudi Arabia, who learns to speak and write Arabic, “see” and “experience” the world differently than does a person who grows up speaking and writing Tagalog in the Philippines?

  13. Importance of Language • How do initial experiences with language shape or influence the way in which a person thinks? • Do the categories of language influence how we think and behave?

  14. Experience Influences our perceptions of Leads to the development of Language The Reciprocal Relationship Between Language and Experience

  15. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis • suggests that our perception of reality is determined by our thoughts, and our thought processes are influenced by language.

  16. Linguistic determinism is the theory that language determines thought. Linguistic relativityis the theory that people from different language communities perceive the world differently. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

  17. Firmer VS Softer View • Firmer view • Suggests that language is like a prison, once you learn a language you are irrevocably affected by its particulars • Softer View • Language shapes how we think and experience the world, but this influence is not unceasing

  18. Differences in Language • Variation in Vocabulary • Fewer or more words to explain world existing within (Eskimos and Snow) • Variations in Linguistic Grammars • Concept of time, value of showing respect and social hierarchies determines degree to which language demands certain words and grammar structure to show relationship (he/she, amico/amica) • Linguistic Relativity • Differing perceptions

  19. Language and Intercultural Communication • Language, ethnic group identity and dominance • Used to identify those in the group from those outside. • Some survive over time and some do not • Alternative versions within culture • Dialects, accents, jargon, argot(specialized language used to define boundaries of group-i.e., gangs) • Code switching • Use of a particular language by those who speak multiple languages

  20. Verbal Codes and Intercultural Competence • Learning foreign language teaches us about that culture • Learn to appreciate those who struggle to communicate in second language • Language learning important link between competence and verbal codes

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