By EL-Tookhy, O.

1. THE USE OF COMPUTER IN REVIEWING X-RAY FILMS IN VETERINARY PRACTICE: Between Education and Application By EL-Tookhy, O. Faculty of Veterinary MedicineCAIRO UNIVERSITYEGYPT

2. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion HISTORICAL OVERVIEW  X-rays were discovered on 1895, by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen and were put to use for medical purposes in no time. However, computers have been only used in education for the last 20 years. 20y 112y Because of the great advances in information technology, the use of computer and its applications especially in the medical field became inevitable. New medical terms have been emerging combining the computer power together with medical diagnostic procedures e.g. computed tomography and recently the computed radiography or “CR”. CR has been used in human medical imaging since the 1980s CR recently accepted in the veterinary profession. 7y 27y

3. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion IT and Student Learning For the past 20 years, a great number of research articles worldwide were published on the implementation of information technology in generaland its effectiveness on student learning. It is affirmed that regardless of the teaching courses, students taught through computer tools performed equally well as students taking a traditional course, but required half as much time covering the same material. PERFORMANCE Group A = Group B TIME Group A = ½ Group B A B

4. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion IT and Student Learning Important Point Use of Technology + Pedagogical Strategies = Efficient Student Learning called ‘Educational Design' that focuses on the practical uses of these technologies within the broader perspective of student learning.

5. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion Veterinary Radiology Taking x-ray films is very essential in the veterinary field; extending from diagnostic practices horse racetracks horse markets

6. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion There have been many remarkable advances in radiographic imaging film-based radiographic system digital radiographic system

7. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion detecting phantom details defining regions of interest acquiring measurements x-ray dose requirements for x-ray filming yet with acceptable image quality.

8. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion 1- Documenting and building a digital database of normal x-ray films of the adult horse. To be used as a future reference model. 2- Standardizing the x-ray filming parameters of different body parts of adult horse. To achieve better quality images. 3- Proposing the requirements a CD program for students to use at home. To be used for self education and training. 4- Developing a specialized computer program that serves the workers in the medical field specially Radiologists. To review, and digitally enhance x-ray images on computer monitor. 5- Adapting the same program for the internet use. For distant teaching and remote consultations.

9. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion • DATA Collection • Textbooks • Published papers • Websites 27 normal x-ray films covering 19 different body parts 10 abnormal x-ray films of different affections grouped into 4 main categories: head; neck and back; thoracic limb; and pelvic limb). were added as an educational material for the students to learn from already diagnosed cases. Radiographic parameters were included as a guide-reference. (FDD), (KV) (mAs). HDS Bucky scanned, resized & cropped

10. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion Tool Used: Macromedia DirectorMX®www.macromedia.com X-RAY REVIEWER Platform: Windows OS Memory : 512K RAM Space on HD: 30MB Screen Resolution : 1024x786 Internet adaptation: Shockwave® Brightness Zoom Reset Flip Interface Specifications Rotate Open Move Help

11. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion

12. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion Advantages of using X-RAY REVIEWER Education Application Diagnostic and Therapeutic Financial

13. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion Advantages of using X-RAY REVIEWER: Educational Self-based learning Distant learning and Remote consultations

14. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advantages of using X-RAY REVIEWER: The image enhancing tools provided with the software will adjust the image quality and makes it possible to detect more lesions in a way that had never been possible without the use of computers

15. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion Advantages of using X-RAY REVIEWER: Financial Human error factor setting of the machine 1- No need for having multiple film Cassettes 2- No wasted time in reloading the Cassettes 3- No waiting time before dismissing the patient and working on another 4- Cost of Raw Films High workflow and patient throughput. 1- Human error factor developing the film 2- No need for 'retake' radiographs 3- Cost of Chemicals Hidden costs:1-Machine / components life-time 2- Power consumption 3- Labor time 4- Patients pre-medications

16. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion Advantages of using X-RAY REVIEWER: Financial Digital radiographic data can also be incorporated into hospitals filing system, Data can be easily accessed and transmitted from anywhere in the world through the internet making record keeping an entirely paperless process

17. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion

18. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion Future work: Building a Digital Archive of clinical cases (performing all sort / search operations) example: How many patients were presented to my clinic between … date and … date, age …, breed …, suffering from … disease. Is it more in males/females, young/old… Is it the season?. etc … Apply preventive measures.

19. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion What is needed to accomplish the Future work: • Excellent presentation of the concept. • Listing the advantages. • Building a DEMO Financial support from governmental and private sectors. Devoted work-team and a teamwork.

20. Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion Acknowledgment Prof. Dr. Lotfia Fahmy Prof. Dr. Khaled Farag Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University - EGYPT

21. Contact Information Dr. Omar Eltookhy +20 (11)- 293 4411 oeltookhy@egy-tec.com Surgery Dept., Fac. of Vet. Med., Cairo Univ., Giza, 122111, Egypt