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Human Medical Factors for a Mission to Mars

Human Medical Factors for a Mission to Mars. Presented by: Brian Bradke Biomechanical Engineering Stanford University. Overview:. Expected Illness and/or Injury Current Equipment Used in Space Medical Equipment Needed for a Long Duration Mission

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Human Medical Factors for a Mission to Mars

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  1. Human Medical Factorsfor a Mission to Mars Presented by: Brian Bradke Biomechanical Engineering Stanford University

  2. Overview: • Expected Illness and/or Injury • Current Equipment Used in Space • Medical Equipment Needed for a Long Duration Mission • Medical Procedures and Preventative Measures • ISS Research • Future Work

  3. Medical Need • Since project Mercury, NASA has recognized a need for medical treatment in space. • The first missions were sent complete with Dramamine, aspirin and oxygen

  4. Since project Mercury, NASA has recognized a need for medical treatment in space. The first missions were sent complete with Dramamine, aspirin and oxygen Medical Need Gordon Cooper

  5. Medical Need • Approximately 25% of all astronauts experience symptoms of disorientation and motion sickness • Working in space is inherently dangerous, and injury is inevitable

  6. Gemini & Apollo • Mercury Astronaut Cooper was the first to use medication in space taking dextro-amphetamine sulfate before re-entering • Through the 1960’s and 70’s, NASA began incorporating intense medical training and extensive medical supplies along with astronauts on their way to the moon.

  7. Apollo Moon Missions

  8. Today’s EMK • Today’s crews have every medical capability short of an operating suite. • Live medical monitoring and advice with ground control • Full pharmacy complete with protocols and flight surgeons

  9. Pharmacological Supplies Available • Anti-depressants • Analgesics • Injected narcotics • Diarrhea, Nausea and Vomiting meds • Sleep Aids • Dramamine • Traumatic stabilization devices

  10. Emergency Medical Monitoring Kit

  11. Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation • Difficult in microgravity • Most likely resulting in death if gravity is absent • Lack of data to show response of cardio-pulmonary system to CPR or ACLS drugs

  12. Airway Management

  13. Advanced Airway management • Airway management difficult in micro-g environment • Necessary procedure for invasive medical treatment

  14. Intravenous Access • Over 1 million liters of IV fluid used per DAY in the USA • Necessary for treatment of any serious condition and administration of all IV medications • Shelf life of 24-36 mo. • Gravity

  15. Reusable Water for IV use Reverse osmosis filtration system with UV light CAN sterilize water to US pharmacopoeia standards. R.O.F.U.S.A. Instead of storing IV bags, store one filter system (approx 1 mid-deck locker) Theoretically unlimited IV fluid, no shelf-life, no additional storage space Saving Space

  16. Most drugs have a shelf life of 12-18 months Antibiotics have slightly longer shelf life at 12-24 months If mission is expected at 3 years, potentially one year of expired drugs Cardiac Lidocaine Epinephrine Atropine Pain Management Demerol Aspirin Misc: Decongestants Ear, eye, nose drops Pharmacy

  17. Long Duration Missions • Preventative Medicine • Diagnosis • Therapy

  18. Preventative Medicine • Microgravity countermeasures • Physiological Monitoring • Trained, experienced, medical professionals

  19. Diagnosis • Laboratory equipment • Diagnostic Imaging • Medical records and diagnosis archives

  20. Treatment • Pharmacy with non-expired drugs • IV fluid • Hypobaric facilities • Traumatic emergencies • Defibrillators • Operating capability

  21. Future of Space Medicine • Notion of minimally invasive therapy is not far off

  22. Future of Space Medicine • Interstitial robots, MEMS • Long distance surgical alternatives

  23. ISS • Ideal immediate research platform • Testing protocols for CPR, invasive medical treatment, storing meds • Blood drawing has been successful, IV administration of medication not attempted

  24. ISS • Research on medication amounts also needed • Studies show differences in cardiovascular tone and nervous system may affect how the body responds to cardiac drugs and analgesics • Anesthesia study on monkeys

  25. Future Work for the Crew Exploration Vehicle • How much gravity is enough gravity? • How much room needed for medical treatment and supplies? • How many doses/uses of medications should be brought? • Updated procedures?

  26. References • Wyle Laboratories: http://www.wylelabs.com/wn08.html • NASM Apollo to the Moon: http://www.nasm.si.edu/galleries/attm/nojs/a11.jo.he.1.html • JSC Medical Operations: http://advlifesupport.jsc.nasa.gov/ • Dr. Joseph Scarpa, MD, KSC • Dr. Graveline www.spacedoc.net

  27. Thank You Any Questions?

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