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What is a plant???

What is a plant???. Organism that is: Multicellular Eukaryote Autotrophic Has Cell wall Photosynthesizes. Plants evolved from Green Algae. Brainstorm with a neighbor: What are differences between algae and plants?. Challenges from life in water to life on land.

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What is a plant???

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  1. What is a plant??? • Organism that is: • Multicellular • Eukaryote • Autotrophic • Has Cell wall • Photosynthesizes

  2. Plants evolved from Green Algae Brainstorm with a neighbor: What are differences between algae and plants?

  3. Challenges from life in water to life on land • Obtain resources from BOTH air and soil • Roots: below ground and absorb nutrients and water • Shoots: above ground and convert sunlight and CO2 to energy • Vascular system: moves water and nutrients between roots and shoots.

  4. SHOOTS ROOTS

  5. Challenges from life in water to life on land • Remaining upright and not falling over • Lignin: chemical that hardens the cell wall to give strength and support to plants.

  6. Challenges from life in water to life on land • Maintaining Moisture • Cuticle: Lipid, waxy covering that prevents water evaporation • Stomata: Pores on underside of leaf that regulates water and gas exchange • Guard cells: open and close the stomata

  7. Hole = stomata Cells around hole = guard cells

  8. Challenges from life in water to life on land • Reproduction on land • Need ways to prevent seeds from drying and ways to disperse

  9. BRYOPHYTES • Moss • Lack lignin and are considered non vascular plants • Require water to reproduce because gametes have flagella

  10. Pteridophytes • First group of plants to have vascular tissue (lignin) • Able to grow taller now • Ferns, horse tails • Reproduce through spores on underside of leaf and no longer dependent on water

  11. Gymnosperms • First seed bearing plants • Naked seeds because they are not surrounded by fruit. • Conifers and needle leaf trees

  12. Pollen cone • Male reproductive structure • Pollen grains • Male gamete, adapted to dry environment and transport through wind. • Pine cone • Female reproductive structure • Seeds • Plant embryo packaged with food supply inside a protective coat.

  13. ANGIOSPERM • Flowering plants • Fruit: Ripened ovary used to protect seeds and disperse them.

  14. Parts of a Flower • Petals • Brightly colored to attract pollinators • Stamen • Male reproductive structure • Anther: holds pollen • Male gamete • Filament: holds up anther.

  15. Parts of a Flower • Carpel • Female reproductive structure • stigma: sticky to catch pollen • Style: long tube that connects stigma and ovary • Ovary: holds ovules (eggs)

  16. How do Plants Reproduce? • Pollination • Rely on animals to transport pollen from male to female reproductive structure. • Brightly colored petals attract pollinators • Double Fertilization: • When pollen travels down style it splits into 2 sperm cells • 1 fertilizes the ovule to create seed • Other creates food supply

  17. Seed Dispersion • Once pollination has occurred seeds need to spread to allow for new plant growth • Burrs can stick to animals and move • Fruit can be eaten and then the core thrown • Some seeds need to be completely digested in order to grow. • Water currents and wind.

  18. Annuals: • Go through a complete life cycle in one year. basil Baby blue eyes Merigolds tomato

  19. biennials • Takes two years to complete the life cycle. English daisy

  20. Perennials • Take several years to complete their life cycle. agave Cat tails Baby’s breath

  21. Roots • Found underground • Anchor plant • Hold soil in place • Absorb water and nutrients.

  22. Types of Roots • Fibrous Roots • SEVERAL THIN BRANCHING ROOTS

  23. Types of Roots • Fibrous • Tap roots • Long root to anchor plant • Several small horizontal root hairs.

  24. SHOOTS • STEM • LOCATION OF LIGNIN • XYLEM AND PHLOEM TO MOVE WATER AND NUTRIENTS THROUGH PLANT.

  25. Leaf • Location of photosynthesis • 2 parts • Petiole • Blade

  26. Types of Tissue in Plants • Dermal Tissue • Acts as a protective barrier for the plant. • Secretes the cuticle. • Outer most layer of tissue.

  27. Vascular Tissue • Contains lignin to give support. • XYLEM: transport water and nutrients from roots to shoots • Transpiration is the evaporation of water through leaves that drives the process

  28. Vascular Tissue • . • PHLOEM: transports sugars due to diffusion (high concentration to low concentration).

  29. Ground tissue • Tissue found between dermal and vascular tissue. • Most abundant tissue type • Location of photosynthesis

  30. Primary growth • Growth upwards and downwards in height. • Occurs at root caps and buds in plants.

  31. Secondary growth • Growth in width outwards. • Adds new xylem and phloem. • Every 2 rings = 1 year of growth for tree rings.

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