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Heat Resistant Polymers (for Fire Suits)

Heat Resistant Polymers (for Fire Suits). Timothy Adams Steven Burns Tony Cartwright Michelle Yu. Heat Resistant Polymers. Nomex (poly(m-phenylene teraphthalate)) Celazole (Polybenzimidazole) (PBI) Kevlar (poly(p-phenylene teraphthalate)) Zylon (Polybenzobisoxazole) (PBO)

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Heat Resistant Polymers (for Fire Suits)

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  1. Heat Resistant Polymers (for Fire Suits) Timothy Adams Steven Burns Tony Cartwright Michelle Yu

  2. Heat Resistant Polymers • Nomex (poly(m-phenylene teraphthalate)) • Celazole (Polybenzimidazole) (PBI) • Kevlar (poly(p-phenylene teraphthalate)) • Zylon (Polybenzobisoxazole) (PBO) • Kapton (poly(4,4'-oxydiphenylene-pyromellitimide)) • Polyimides • Polysulfones • Polyaryletheretherketone (PEEK) • Phosphazenes Trade Names

  3. Heat-Resistant Polymer Applications • Firefighting Suits • Space Suits • Flight Suits • Electrical Insulation • Heat shields • Aircraft Fuselage • Welding Protection • Sealing Tapes • Bushings, Seals • Bearings • Hot Gas Filtration DuPont, 2007 Nasa 2008

  4. Firefighting Suits www.army.gov , 2009

  5. Major Time Periods Pre 1800: Limited protective equipment. First leather fire helmets invented. Mid 1800s: Use of wool for some protective clothing. First traditional fire helmet. Post WWI: Use of rubber coats and boots, and use of “Bunker Pants”. Post WWII: First NFPA standards set. Evolution of the modern turnout gear. Fire Suit History www.fireengineering.com, 2009

  6. NFPA Requirements Globe Firefighter Suits, 2009

  7. Requirements II Globe Firefighter Suits, 2009

  8. PBI vsNomex

  9. Polybenzimidazole (PBI) Direct Industry, 2009 Wale Apparatus Co., 2009 Performance Products, 2009

  10. Chemistry • Poly(2,2’-(m-phenylene)-5,5’bibenzimidazole Performance Products, 2009

  11. Synthesis Chung, Tai-Shung. 1997 Common Monomers : Tetra-amines (bis-o-diamines) and dicarboxylates R1 and R: Either aromatic or aliphatic functional groups, such as ether, ketone, sulfone, siloxane, silane, phosphine oxide

  12. Properties • Extreme Flame Resistance • Excellent High Energy Radiation Resistance • High Chemical and Thermal Stabilities at High Temperatures • High Tg • Highest Compressive Strength • Heat Deflection Temp. = 435 deg. C @ 264 psi • Good Mechanical Strength NASA, 2008 Chung, Tai-Shung. 1997

  13. Polymerization and Processing PBI Fiber Processing Methods • Dry Spinning • Wet Spinning • Dry-jet Wet Spinning Chung, Tai-Shung. 1997

  14. Nomex China Suppliers, 2009 Alibaba, 2009 Sariwarnamas, 2009 Storyboardtoys.blogspot.com, 2009

  15. Synthetic Methods in Step-growth Polymers, 2003

  16. Wet spin • DMAc • Ionic Liquids • Dry spin Christian Kubel et al., 2001 Tingting Zhao, 2007

  17. Properties • Flame resistance • Self extinguishing • LOI: 28 • No melt drip • Chemical resistance • Solvents & biohazards • Long duration • Low shrinkage • Water Absorption ~9% www.madmax-jp.com , 2009 Gang Sun, 2004

  18. The Breakdown PBI Nomex VS • Advantages: • Extreme Fire Resistance • No smoke or off-gases at 1000F • Retains properties up to 760 degrees Celsius and all the way down to -200 degrees Celsius • High Chemical Resistance • Disadvantages: • Higher Water Absorption • 15-18% water absorption • Cost - More than $70/lb (Smith , 1999) • Advantages: • Extreme Fire Resistance • Self extinguishing • No drip or melt • High Chemical Resistance • Low Water Absorption • ~9% • Cost - $14/kg (Volokhina, 1984) • Disadvantages: • UV degradation In Conclusion…

  19. NOMEX

  20. New advances in Nomex • Nomex on Demand • Fibers swell when exposed to heat • At 250F, the polymer expands to about 5x the thickness • Provides better protection when needed and increased mobility when thermal protection is not needed Textileworld.com, 2009

  21. DuPont, 2009

  22. Thank you! • Questions? • Acknowledgements: • Cleveland Heights Fire Department www.clevelandheightsfire.com, 2009

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