RENAISSANCE REVIEW (School of Athens, Raphael, 1508)

1. RENAISSANCE REVIEW (School of Athens, Raphael, 1508) The Italian and Northern Renaissance!

2. What was the Renaissance? • Renaissance comes from the French word for “rebirth” • It was a restoration of classical arts and learning of Rome and Greece, which had almost been extinct during the Middle Ages • A time of creativity and change in Europe, began in the mid-14th century • A time of rebirth after the disorder and disunity of the medieval world

3. Why Italy? • LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION

4. Trade = Money • Also cities were prosperous centers of trade and manufacturing • Wealthy merchant class there promoted the cultural rebirth by stressing education, individual achievement, and spending money to support the arts • City States grow wealthy, spend money on art. • ** Also, Italy was center of Roman history

5. Renaissance Moves North • The Renaissance moved north to France, Belgium, Germany, Spain, and England 100 years after it began in Italy. • Why? • The plague reduced the population in Europe and recovery was delayed in the north, recovering from the Hundred Years’ War • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sh8mNjeuyV4 • Only after 1450 did the north enjoy economic growth to support the Renaissance • How? • Cities like Flanders grew rapidly, supporting wealthy patrons • Monarchs hired Italian artists and architects

6. Middle Ages v. Renaissance • Middle Ages: • people only think about what happens when you die. • Everything you do has a consequence in the afterlife. • People do not want to try or learn new things because they are afraid of the Church and not making it into heaven. • Renaissance: • people begin thinking about here and now. Want to live an eventful, exciting, and meaningful life. Stop living their life in fear of the Church or not going to heaven. • Renaissance: More focus on achievement of the individual

7. HUMANISM • Humanism- intellectual movement at the heart of the Italian Renaissance that focused on worldly subjects like human potential and achievement rather than on religious issues • Petrarch – Father of Renaissance Humanism • Thought it was more important to learn about history, literature, and philosophy rather than religious beliefs and traditions. Thus, we have the humanities!

8. Renaissance Man • Renaissance thinkers were eager to explore richness and variety in human experience • The Renaissance ideal was the person with talent in many fields • A Renaissance man is a well-rounded person with many talents and interests • Examples: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Lorenzo de Medici

9. Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello, and Raphael • Leonardo da Vinci: Painted Mona Lisa, sketched nature/models, inventor, anatomy, engineering, music, etc. • Michelangelo:Sculpture of David, Also painted Sistine Chapel ceiling and altar wall • Donatello: His statue of David was the first large free-standing nude since ancient times • Raphael: Paintings blending Christian and Classical ideals, School of Athens was a painting of a gathering of famous thinkers, also painted tender pictures of the madonna

10. AKA: the Ninja Painters

11. Renaissance Art v. Medieval Art • Reflected humanist concerns • Did portray religious figures, but with a Greek or Roman background • Pictures of well-known figures • Tried to make art look more realistic with use of perspective • Perspective– artistic technique used to give drawings and paintings a 3-D effect on a flat surface • Oil Painting– allowed painters to build layers on their work and also had more vibrant colors • Human body portrayed more accurately than before

12. 5 Characteristics of Italian Renaissance Art

13. 1. Realism & Expression • Expulsion fromthe Garden • Masaccio • 1427 • First nudes sinceclassical times.

14. 2. Perspective • The Trinity • Masaccio • 1427 Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective! What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.

15. 1st artist credited with using perspective • Giotto di Bondone

16. 3. Emphasis on Individualism • Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino • Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.

17. 4. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures • The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate • Leonardo da Vinci • 1469 • The figure as architecture!

18. 5. Artists as Personalities/Celebrities • Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, andArchitects • Giorgio Vasari • 1550

20. Medieval Italy, 1300s • Religious, no use of perspective • Lack of accuracy in human form Medieval or Renaissance and why? • Renaissance Italy, 1450 • Religious, but with a Greek background • Use of perspective

21. Which came first? Botticelli, Italy, c. 1500 This one! Berlinghiero, Italy, 1230s

22. Christ Giving the Keys to St. Peter: Fresco in Sistine Chapel…PERSPECTIVE AT WORK!