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Exploring the Cosmos: Evolution of Telescopes and Astronomical Discoveries

Delve into the fascinating history of telescopes, from ancient observations to modern innovations. Follow the journey of astronomers in unraveling the mysteries of the night sky and making groundbreaking discoveries. Learn about the development of refracting and reflecting telescopes, Galileo's pivotal role, and Newton's contributions. Discover how celestial coordinate systems bring order to the vast expanse of the universe. Explore the wonders of the cosmos through the lens of telescopes and witness the beauty and complexity of our celestial origins.

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Exploring the Cosmos: Evolution of Telescopes and Astronomical Discoveries

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    1. Telescopes and the Night Sky Where we came from and how we got here…

    2. Astronomy - how it was… For hundreds of thousands of years, astronomers had no assistance at extending their visual sense towards the heavens. Astronomers watched the night sky, saw how it behaved, and drew conclusions from these observations. These conclusions were not always correct, but some amazing discoveries were made with no help of modern technology (Eratosthenes Clip – Cosmos).

    3. A New Discovery In 1609 Galileo was in Venice, and heard of an invention by a spectacle maker which made objects appear closer than they actually were. Galileo wondered what the night sky would look like through this invention. While Galileo does not receive credit for inventing the telescope, he is credited with perfecting the telescope. Galileo began making his own telescopes and valuable discoveries that rocked the current theories of the universe.

    4. Galileo’s Telescope

    5. HOW IT WORKS – Refracting Telescope Axiom: Light travels slower through anything that is not a vacuum (different speeds when traveling through air, vs. glass, vs. water…etc.,)

    6. Newton Tries His Hand You learned this week that Newton is responsible for the foundations we have built most of our laws of physics. Newton noticed a problem with the refracting telescope (more on this later). While he wasn’t the first to create a telescope that uses mirrors instead of lenses – he did perfect it.

    7. HOW IT WORKS – Reflecting Telescopes Axiom: Light rays from all celestial objects arrives at earth parallel to each other. Light passes into the telescope through the hole in the front of the telescope and strikes a curved (concave) mirror (primary mirror) in the back of the telescope. This reflects the light towards a secondary mirror which changes the direction of the light and creates a focal point at an eyepiece in the side of the telescope.

    8. Quick Review Refracting Telescopes

    9. Celestial Coordinate Systems Astronomers want to have a system that puts some kind of order to the night sky. To do that, astronomers have devised a system that is similar to longitude and latitude of the earth.

    10. Altitude Azimuth System

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