Chapter 15 Hunger and the Global Environment

1. Chapter 15Hunger and the Global Environment Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 12e Sizer/Whitney

2. Learning Objectives • Discuss the double health threat from undernutrition and obesity, and suggest reasons why this might occur among a single group of people. • Speculate as to how reducing a family’s hunger level can lead to more positive outcomes for health, educational, and social well-being of the family.

3. Learning Objectives • Explain why people in poverty are inclined to have larger families in spite of the scarcity of food. • Describe why producing enough food for people and livestock presents problems for the environment. • Define the term ecological footprint, and describe ways to lesson one’s own ecological footprint.

4. Introduction • Food insecurity • Very low food security • Low food security • Marginal food security • High food security • Contrast amongst countries

5. Global Undernutrition and Overnutrition

6. Hunger • Plagues both developed and developing nations • Food crisis • Malnutrition and hunger have risen sharply

7. Hunger in the United States • Primary cause of hunger • Food poverty • Factors that increase likelihood • Limited nutritious foods • Consequences • Poverty-obesity paradox • Food deserts • Recognizing hunger

8. The Poverty-Obesity Paradox

9. U.S. Food Programs Directed at Stopping Domestic Hunger • 1 in every 6 Americans receives food assistance of some kind • Nationwide efforts • WIC • Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) • Community efforts • Food recovery • Food banks, food pantries, emergency kitchens

10. Tips for Thrifty Food Shopping

11. What is the State of World Hunger? • Staggering statistics • “Poorest poor” • Comparison to U.S. house cat • Biofuels • Women and children • Usually the “poorest poor” • Cycle of hunger, malnutrition, and poverty • Poverty, hunger, and childbearing

12. Hunger Hotspots

13. What is the State of World Hunger? • Famine • Natural causes • Political and social causes • Chronic hunger & malnutrition • Deficiencies • Iodine, vitamin A, zinc • consequences

14. The World Food Supply and the Environment • Challenges to banishing hunger for all • Provide enough food for expanding population, without … • Ensure all people have access to enough food to…

15. Threats to the Future Food Supply • Hunger, poverty, & population growth • Loss of food-producing land • Accelerating fossil fuel use • Atmosphere & global climate changes

16. Threats to the Future Food Supply • Ozone loss from the outer atmosphere • Water shortages • Ocean pollution * No part of the world is insulated against future food shortages

17. Environmental Degradation and Hunger • Poor people often destroy the very resources they need for survival • Soil erosion and grazing lands • Deforestation • Economic development and animal foods • Diminishing wild fisheries • Overfishing • Increase in ocean temperatures

18. Environmental Degradation and Hunger • Aquaculture – fish farms • Concerns • Escapees • Diseases & parasites • Nutrient pollution • Chemical pollution • Wild habitat loss

19. Environmental Degradation and Hunger • Climate, air, and fresh water • Greenhouses gases • Sources • Impact of global temperature increases • Water stress • Overpopulation • Carrying capacity of the earth

20. Water Stress Hotspots

21. A World Moving Toward Solutions • Elimination of hunger • Sustainable development • Poor countries • Wealthy countries

22. Reducing Hunger Drives Beneficial Outcomes

23. How Can People Engage in Activism & Simpler Lifestyles at Home? • Government action • Promote sustainability • Private and community enterprises • Educators and students • Food and nutrition professionals • Individuals • Small decisions at home have large environmental impacts

24. Toward Sustainable Food Production: How to Go Forward? Controversy 15

25. Costs of Current Food Production Methods • Impacts on land and water • Clear land, fertilizers, rain or irrigation • Dead zones • Depletion of water supply • Soil depletion • Deforestation and overgrazing • Loss of species • Protection of biodiversity

26. Costs of Current Food Production Methods • Fuel use and energy sources • Fossil fuels • Biofuels • Energy waste

27. The Problems of Livestock and Fishing • U.S. meat production • Feedlots • Grain • World trends in meat consumption • Increased meat and dairy consumption • Overfishing and species depletion

28. Pounds of Grain Needed to Produce 1 Pound of Bread & 1 Pound of Animal Weight Gain

29. A Sustainable Future Starts Now • Sustainable agriculture • A system • Low-input and precision agriculture • Integrated pest management (IPM) • Global positioning satellite (GPS) • Soil conservation • U.S. Conservation Reserve Program

30. A Sustainable Future Starts Now • The potential of genetic engineering • Genetically engineered crops and animals • Preserving genetic diversity of food • Energy conservation • Consumption and production of energy must change • Energy recycling

31. Roles of Consumers • Keeping local profits local • Farm share • Eating lower on food chain • More plants, less animals • “Ecological Footprint”