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Chapter Seventeen The Romantic Era

Chapter Seventeen The Romantic Era. Edgar Allen Poe, American Romantic Author. This is as romantic as romantic gets. Caspar David Friedrich’s “Mountianeer in a Misty Landscape”. This is as romantic as romantic gets. Man alone, finding himself in the awesome world of nature

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Chapter Seventeen The Romantic Era

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  1. Chapter SeventeenThe Romantic Era Edgar Allen Poe, American Romantic Author

  2. This is as romantic as romantic gets. Caspar David Friedrich’s “Mountianeer in a Misty Landscape”

  3. This is as romantic as romantic gets. Man alone, finding himself in the awesome world of nature Caspar David Friedrich’s “Mountianeer in a Misty Landscape”

  4. Industrial Development, Social Progress, Scientific Progress • First era of Feminism and Workers’ Rights (Trade Unions, Socialism) • Industrial Revolution: industry overtakes agriculture as source of national wealth • Urbanization:More people living in cities than country for first time in human history • Steam power, railroads, factories • “a wilderness of human beings” • Scientific Discoveries • Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) discovers source of disease in germs; proposes vaccination • Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) • Theory of evolution, natural selection • “Social Darwinism”

  5. The Concerns of Romanticism • Exploration of oppositions and relations between things • Expression of personal feelings • Emotionality, subjectivity (in place of intellectual concerns of Enlightenment era) • Individual creative imagination (sometimes led to sense of artist’s alienation from society) • Mystical attachment to nature, the wild, the unpredictable, and the unexplored • Love of the fantastic and exotic • Attempt to “re-humanize” urbanization, science, and the industrial revolution • Often very politicized

  6. The Idealist Intellectual Background • Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) • Transcendental idealism • Critique of Judgment(1790) • Art reconciles opposites; unites general with particular, reason with intellect • Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) • Applies Aristotelian dialectic to working of material world itself: synthesis of thesis (pure infinite being), antithesis (world of nature) • “World Spirit” the result of world’s synthesis of its own differences

  7. The Intellectual Background:Thinking in Terms of Interrelations • Karl Marx (1818-1883) • Universal proletariat, revolution • Progressive, materialist, dialectical sense of history; developed by ‘standing Hegel on his head’ • Artistic realism: social and political • Pro-worker • Charles Darwin (1809-1882) • Natural selection, dialectic of species and environment • On the Origin of Species

  8. Nineteenth-Century Literature:British Romantic Poetry • William Wordsworth (1770-1850) • Founded Romantic movement • “Emotion recollected in tranquility” • Lord Byron (1788-1824) • Tormented Romantic hero, Byronic • Personal liberty, freedom

  9. Nineteenth-Century Literature:Romantic Poetry • Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) • Atheism, anarchy • Perfectability of humanity • Unification of extreme emotions • John Keats (1795-1821) • Tragedy of existence, peace of death

  10. The Romantic Era in America:American Literature • European influences+individuality • Transcendentalists • Unity of humans with nature • Emerson, Thoreau • Walt Whitman (1819-1892) • Importance of the individual, freedom • Humanity united with the universe

  11. The Romantic Era in America:American Literature • Edgar Allan Poe invents the short story form • Emily Dickinson (1830-1881) • Balance of passion, reason • Psychology, faith, skepticism • Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter(1850) • Evil in society • Melville’s Moby Dick(1851) • Profound moral issues • Search for truth, self-discovery

  12. Romantic Art:Painting at the Turn of the Century • Francisco Goya, romantic extraordinaire (1746-1828) • The Third of May, 1808 • Execution of the Madrileños • No idealization • Persuasive emotionality • Personal commitment, vision

  13. Goya’s “Saturn Devouring One of His Sons”

  14. Romantic Art:Painting in France • Géricault’s Raft of the Medusa(1818) • Romantic art of Delacroix (1798-1863) • Use of color to create form • Violent, emotional scenes • The Death of Sardanapalus (1826)

  15. Romantic Art:Realist Painting in France • Another art movement of this time that didn’t attempt to romanticize the world but to represent how it really is. However, those realistic representations are also very individualistic statements. • French Realists • Honoré Daumier (1808-1879)

  16. Daumier’s realist “Third Class”

  17. Daumier’s “The Legislative Belly.” What reality is this commenting on?

  18. Romantic Art:Painting in Germany and England • Landscape as Romantic device • Friedrich’s Sea of Ice (1810) • Constable’s Hay Wain (1821) • Turner’s Slave Ship (1840)

  19. Friedrich’s “Sea of Ice.” How is this romantic?

  20. Constable’s Hay Wain (1821)

  21. The Romantic Era in America:American Painting • Significance of landscape painting • Natural beauty=moral beauty • Hudson River School (Thomas Cole), Luminists (Martin Johnson Heade) • Winslow Homer (1836-1910) • Realism, naturalism, drama • Thomas Eakins (1844-1916) • Scientific accuracy, objective truth

  22. American romantic painters such as Thomas Cole in his “Landscape with Figures” celebrated the virgin land of the young nation. How is this a romantic landscape? (do you see the figures?)

  23. Another work of Thomas Cole. What is he saying about America?

  24. Heade uses oils to remove all trace of brushstroke from his painting of Lake George in New York. The result is luminous and almost photographic.

  25. Winslow Homer’s “Gulf Stream,” a very powerful American romantic vision. What does this seemingly terrifying image represent?

  26. Eakins’ Miss Van Buren (1889) The angle of the subject’s head and the position of the chair make us approach the subject as a person. We wonder: what is she thinking? Looking at?

  27. Edgar Allan Poe, “The Pit and the Pendulum.” American Romanticism. What is romantic about this?

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