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Chapter 16

Chapter 16. Social Behavior. Social Behavior. Person perception Attribution process Close relationships Attitudes Conformity and obedience. Social Behavior. Behavior in groups Putting it in perspective Understanding prejudice Whom can you trust?. Social Psychology.

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Chapter 16

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  1. Chapter 16 Social Behavior

  2. Social Behavior • Person perception • Attribution process • Close relationships • Attitudes • Conformity and obedience

  3. Social Behavior • Behavior in groups • Putting it in perspective • Understanding prejudice • Whom can you trust?

  4. Social Psychology scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

  5. Social Psychology scientific study of how individuals behave, think and feel in a group (2 or more)

  6. Person perception • Physical appearance • Cognitive schemas • Stereotypes • Subjectivity

  7. Subjectivity • Illusory correlation • Spotlight effect

  8. Evolutionary perspective • Evolution cue words= adaptive, survival • Adaptive to distinguish friend from foe • Ingroup • Outgroup

  9. Attributions Inferences people draw about CAUSES of events and behavior

  10. Attributions • Internal • Inside • personality • External • Outside (Exit) • situation

  11. Bias in attributions • Actor-observer bias or Fundamental attributional error • Defensive attribution • Self-serving bias

  12. Fundamental Attribution Error Observer’s bias in favor of • internal attributions over external or • personality over situation

  13. Example of Fundamental Attribution Error • I don’t let another car get in front of me, “I’m so late for class, and I have to get my PG’s.” • Someone else’s does it, “What a **@#*@!”

  14. Bias in attribution • Defensive attribution • Blame victims for their misfortune • Makes us feel protected • Self serving bias • your success=internal • your failure=external • 

  15. Cognitive Dissonance • we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent • Festinger

  16. Cognitive Dissonance

  17. Cognitive Dissonance Which group experiences dissonance?

  18. Cognitive Dissonance

  19. Concept Check 16.2 Break down THINK ABOUT IT into its STRAIGHT UP component!

  20. Concept 16.2 Recognizing Bias in Social Cognition • Illusory correlation • Stereotyping • Fundamental attributional error • Defensive attribution

  21. Concept 16.2 • C: Fundamental attributional error • A: illusory correlation • B: stereotyping • D: defensive attribution

  22. Close relationships • Attraction • Love • Culture • REMEMBER TO DATE, NOT MATE!!!

  23. Attraction Three factors contributing to attraction • Physical attractiveness • Similarity • Proximity (not in book)

  24. Matching hypothesis We are likely to select partners of equal attractiveness

  25. Proximity • Not in book, but key • Allows for the possibility of meeting • Mere exposure effect= Repeated experience with stimuli increases liking

  26. Attraction • Art Aron • Suspended bridge study • Novel activities

  27. Attraction • The moral of the story is on a first date do something…

  28. Love Your book discusses passionate love and companionate love, but that’s not the whole story

  29. Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love Passion Intimacy Committment

  30. Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love Infatuation Intimacy Committment Companionate love

  31. Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love Passion Consummate Love Intimacy Committment

  32. Attachment Research • Harlow • Ainsworth • Hazan and Shaver

  33. Harlow’s research • Monkeys • Preference • Mesh with bottle • Soft with no bottle

  34. Harlow’s monkeys

  35. Ainsworth’s research • Strange situation • Observe children in waiting room • Three styles • Secure • Avoidant • Anxious/ambivalent

  36. Hazan and Shaver’s research Childhood attachment transfers to adult romantic relationships

  37. Evolutionary perspective on attraction Indicates offspring will live • Facial symmetry • Women’s waist to hip ratio • Gender differences

  38. Buss’s research • Gender differences in mating preferences and strategies • Controversy • Is it nature or nurture? • Free will!

  39. Persuasion • Factors • Theories Read thoroughly on your own

  40. Persuasion Factors • Source • Message • Channel • Receiver

  41. Elaboration likelihood model • Central route • Facts • Information • Peripheral route Use someone good looking or an expert

  42. Persuasion tactics • Foot-in-the-door • Door-in-the-face • Reciprocity norm • Lowball technique

  43. Social influence • Conformity • Indirect command • Asch • Obedience • Direct command • Milgram

  44. Confederate • An undercover research assistant • Part of the study but pretend not to be

  45. Conformity adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

  46. Asch’s conformity study

  47. Milgram’s obedience study

  48. Featured study “I was just following orders” Milgram’s obedience study

  49. Social Influence • Philip Zimbardo • Stanford Prison Study • Obedience and conformity • Moral drift • Dehumanization

  50. Social Influence • Some individual resist social coercion

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