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Session 1: Triggers and Cravings

Session 1: Triggers and Cravings. Changes in the Brain. Prefrontal Cortex. Limbic System. Conditioning. I.P. Pavlov (1849 – 1936). Pavlov’s Dog. A Definition of Addiction American Society of Addiction Medicine.

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Session 1: Triggers and Cravings

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  1. Session 1:Triggers and Cravings

  2. Changes in the Brain Prefrontal Cortex Limbic System Matrix IOP

  3. Conditioning Matrix IOP

  4. I.P. Pavlov (1849–1936) Matrix IOP

  5. Pavlov’s Dog Matrix IOP

  6. A Definition of AddictionAmerican Society of Addiction Medicine A primary, chronic, neurobiologic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. Addiction is characterized by behaviors that include one or more of the following: impaired control over drug use, compulsive use, continued use despite harm, and craving. Graham, A.W.; Schultz, T.K.; Mayo-Smith, M.F.; Ries, R.K.; and Wilford, B.B. eds. Principles of Addiction Medicine, Third Edition. Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, Inc., 2003. Matrix IOP

  7. The Addictive Process • Introductory phase • Maintenance phase • Disenchantment phase • Disaster phase Matrix IOP

  8. Addictive ProcessIntroductory Phase Positives Relief from Depression Anxiety Loneliness Insomnia Euphoria Increased status Increased energy Increased sexual/social confidence Increased work output Increased thinking ability METHAMPHETAMINE (METH) Negatives May be illegal May be expensive May cause missing work Matrix IOP

  9. Conditioning Process During AddictionIntroductory Phase Strength of Conditioned Connection: Mild • Responses • Pleasant thoughts about meth • Infrequent use • Triggers • Parties • Special occasions • Other events Matrix IOP

  10. Food School Sports TV Hobbies Girlfriend Job Meth Family Parties Exercise Development of Obsessive ThinkingIntroductory Phase Matrix IOP

  11. Development of Craving ResponseIntroductory Phase Entering Using Site Use of Meth Meth Effects  Heart/pulse rate  Respiration  Adrenaline  Energy  Meth taste Matrix IOP

  12. Addictive ProcessMaintenance Phase Negatives Employment/school disruptions Relationship concerns Financial problems Beginnings of physiological dependence Positives Depression relief Confidence boost Boredom relief Sexual enhancement Social lubricant Matrix IOP

  13. Conditioning Process During AddictionMaintenance Phase Strength of Conditioned Connection: Moderate • Triggers • Parties • Friday nights • Friends • Alcohol • “Good times” • Sexual situations • Responses • Thoughts of meth • Eager anticipation of meth use • Mild physiological arousal • Cravings occur as use approaches • Occasional use Matrix IOP

  14. Food School Meth TV Hobbies Girlfriend Job Meth Family Parties Exercise Development of Obsessive ThinkingMaintenance Phase Matrix IOP

  15. Development of Craving ResponseMaintenance Phase Physiolog- ical Response Meth Effects Entering Using Site Use of Meth  Heart  Breathing  Adrenaline effects  Energy  Meth taste • Heart • Blood pressure • Energy Matrix IOP

  16. Addictive ProcessDisenchantment Phase Negatives Withdrawal depression Paranoia Tweaking Relationship disruptions Family distress Impending job loss Positives Sociability Occasional euphoria Relief from fatigue Relief from stress Matrix IOP

  17. Conditioning Process During AddictionDisenchantment Phase Strength of Conditioned Connection: STRONG • Triggers • Fatigue • All friends • Stress • Boredom • Anxiety • Free time • Sexual arousal • Loneliness • Responses • Continual thoughts of meth • Strong physiological arousal • Psychological dependency • Strong cravings • Frequent use Matrix IOP

  18. Food Meth Meth TV Meth Girlfriend Job Meth Family Parties Meth Development of Obsessive ThinkingDisenchantment Phase Meth Matrix IOP

  19. Development of Craving ResponseDisenchantment Phase Mild Physiological Response Thinking of Using Entering Using Site  Heart rate  Breathing rate  Energy  Adrenaline effects Powerful Physiological Response Meth Effects Use of Meth  Heart  Blood pressure  Energy  Heart rate  Breathing rate  Energy  Adrenaline effects Matrix IOP

  20. Addictive Process Disaster Phase Negatives Weight loss Paranoia Loss of family Seizures Severe depression Unemployment Bankruptcy Positives Relief from fatigue Relief from stress Relief from depression Matrix IOP

  21. Conditioning Process During AddictionDisaster Phase Strength of Conditioned Connection: OVERPOWERING • Triggers • Any emotion • Day • Night • Work • Free time • Responses • Obsessive thoughts about meth • Powerful autonomic response • Powerful physiological dependence • Automatic use • Persistent paranoia Matrix IOP

  22. Meth Meth Meth Meth Meth Meth Meth Meth Meth Meth Development of Obsessive ThinkingDisaster Phase Meth Matrix IOP

  23. Development of Craving ResponseDisaster Phase Powerful Physiological Response Thoughts of Meth- Using Place  Heart rate  Breathing rate Energy  Adrenaline effects Matrix IOP

  24. Trigger Thought Craving Use Matrix IOP

  25. Trigger Thought Craving Interruption Use Matrix IOP

  26. Thought Stopping • Visualization • Rubberband snap • Relaxation • Calling someone Matrix IOP

  27. Thought Stopping Visualization Matrix IOP

  28. Thought Stopping RubberbandSnap Matrix IOP

  29. Thought Stopping Relaxation Matrix IOP

  30. Thought Stopping Calling Someone Matrix IOP

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