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NTSB. NTSB. Established in 1967 Conduct independent investigations of All civil aviation accidents in the U.S. Major accidents in other modes of transportation Not part of DOT, or organizationally affiliated with any of DOT’s modal agencies
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NTSB • Established in 1967 • Conduct independent investigations of • All civil aviation accidents in the U.S. • Major accidents in other modes of transportation • Not part of DOT, or organizationally affiliated with any of DOT’s modal agencies • Safety Board has no regulatory or enforcement powers • To ensure investigations focus only on improving transportation safety • Cannot be entered as evidence in court of law
NTSB • Accident response • Only on U.S. territory or in international waters • Elsewhere, a U.S. “accredited representative” from NTSB’s staff of IICs will assist government where accident occurs
NTSB “Go Team” • Purpose • Begin investigation at accident scene as quickly as possible • Assemble broad spectrum of technical expertise needed to solve complex transportation safety problems • Vary from 3 or 4 to more than a dozen specialists • Duty rotation • Must be reachable 24 hours a day by telephone • Usually do not have suitcase pre-packed but have • Carefully selected wrenches, screwdrivers, and devices peculiar to their specialty • All carry flashlights, tape recorders, cameras, and lots of extra tape and film
NTSB “Go Team” • Boss • Investigator-in-charge (IIC) • Senior investigator with years of NTSB and industry experience • Other specialties (aviation) • Operations • History of accident flight and crewmembers’ duties • Structures • Documentation of airframe wreckage and accident scene • Includes impact angles to help determine plane’s impact course and attitude • Powerplants • Examination of engines (propellers) and engine accessories
NTSB “Go Team” • Systems • Study components of plane • Hydraulic • Electrical • Pneumatic and associated systems • Instruments and elements of flight control system • Air Traffic Control • Reconstruction of ATC services given including • Acquisition of ATC radar data and • Transcripts of controller-pilot radio transmissions • Weather • Gather all pertinent weather data from NWS
NTSB “Go Team” • Human performance • Study of crew performance and all before-the-accident factors that could be involved • Fatigue • Medication • Alcohol • Drugs • Medical histories • Training • Workload • Equipment design • Work environment • Survival factors • Document impact forces and injuries, evacuation, community emergency planning and all crash-fire-rescue efforts • Other groups may be formed at accident scene
NTSB “Go Team” • Investigators lead • Working groups in one area of expertise • Groups staffed by representatives of “parties” • NTSB has complete discretion to “parties” • Parties to investigations • Organizations or corporations that can provide expertise to investigation are granted party status • Only persons with technical or specialized expertise are permitted to serve • Persons in legal or litigation positions are not allowed
NTSB “Go Team” • Members of Safety Board • One member briefs media daily on latest factual information developed by team during on-scene investigation phase • Usually not IIC • Public affairs officer maintains contact with media • Releases confirmed, factual information, no speculation • Parties to investigations • Organizations or corporations that can provide expertise to investigation are granted party status • Only persons with technical or specialized expertise are permitted to serve • Persons in legal or litigation positions are not allowed
NTSB “Go Team” • Accident Scene • Members remain at scene as long as necessary • Few days to several weeks • Continuation work • Washington headquarters • Specialization areas • Overhaul facilities • Teardown facilities • Any other required areas • Report • Form analysis, draft proposed report • Goes to Safety Board • Safety recommendations may be issued at any time during course of investigation
Criminal Activity • Safety Board does not investigate criminal activity • Other agencies may participate • FBI becomes lead federal investigative body • NTSB provides any requested support • Surrender of lead status • Only if Attorney General notifies Board • Criminal act may have caused act
Safety Recommendations • Board must address safety deficiencies immediately • Issue recommendations before completion of investigation • Based on findings • May address deficiencies that do not pertain directly to what is ultimately determined to be cause of accident
Public Hearing • Board may hold public hearing • Gather sworn testimony from subpoenaed witnesses on issues identified by board • Allow public to observe progress of investigation • Usually held within 6 months of accident
Final Report • “Parties” do not participate in analysis and report writing phase of draft final report • Are invited to submit proposed findings of cause and proposed safety recommendations • Board deliberates over final report in public Board meeting • Includes parties and family members • Cannot interact with Board during this meeting • Adoption of final report • Abstract written with conclusions, probable cause, and safety recommendations placed on web site • Full report typically appears on web site several weeks later
NTSB Part 830 Subpart A General
830.1 Applicability • Contains rules pertaining to • Initial notification and later reporting of aircraft incidents and accidents • Preservation of aircraft wreckage, mail, cargo, and records involving all civil and certain public aircraft accidents
830.2 Definitions • Aircraft accident • Occurrence associated with operation of an aircraft which takes place between time any person boards the aircraft and all such persons have disembarked • Any person suffers death or serious injury, or aircraft receives substantial damage • Civil aircraft • Any aircraft other than public aircraft • Fatal injury • Injury which results in death within 30 days of the accident
830.2 Definitions • Incident • Occurrence other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft, which affects or could affect the safety of operations • Operator • Any person who causes or authorizes the operation of an aircraft (owner, lessee, or bailee of an aircraft) • Public aircraft
830.2 Definitions • Serious injury • Requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours, commencing within 7 days for the date of injury was received • Results in fracture of any bone (except simple fractures of fingers, toes, or nose) • Causes severe hemorrhages, nerve, muscle, or tendon damage • Involves any internal organ • Involves second- or third-degree burns, or any burns affecting more than 5 percent of body surface
830.2 Definitions • Substantial damage • Damage or failure which adversely affects structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics of aircraft, and • Normally required major repair or replacement of affected component
830.5 Initial Notification • Notify nearest NTSB field office when • Flight control system malfunction or failure • Inability of any required crewmember to perform normal flight duties as result of injury or illness • Failure of structural components of turbine engine excluding compressor and turbine blades/vanes • In-flight fire • Aircraft collide in flight • Damage to property, other than aircraft, estimated to exceed $25,000 for repair
830.5 Initial Notification • Large multi-engine (more than 12,500 lbs) • In-flight failure of electrical systems which require sustained use of emergency bus powered • In-flight failure of hydraulic systems resulting in sustained reliance on sole remaining hydraulic or mechanical system for movement of flight control surfaces • Sustained loss of power or thrust produced by 2 or more engines • Evacuation of aircraft where an emergency egress system is utilized • Aircraft is overdue and is believed to have been involved in an accident
830.6 Information Required • Type, nationality, and registration marks of aircraft • Owner name and operator • PIC Name • Date and time of accident • Last point of departure and intended landing point • Position of aircraft with geographical references • Number of persons aboard, number killed, and number seriously injured
830.6 Information Required • Passenger info: • Number of Persons aboard • Number killed, and • Number seriously injured • Nature of accident, weather, and damage to aircraft • Description of any • Explosives • Radioactive materials • Other dangerous articles carried
830.10 Preservation of Wreckage • Operator of aircraft involved responsible for • Preserving any aircraft wreckage, cargo, and mail aboard except to • Remove persons injured or trapped • Protect wreckage from further damage • Protect public from injury • All records • Recording mediums of flight • Maintenance • Voice recorders • If required to move wreckage, make sketches, descriptive notes, and photographs • Maintain all records until Board authorizes to the contrary
830.15 Reports and Statements • Operator shall file a report • Within 10 days after an accident, or • After 7 days if an overdue aircraft is still missing • Only person trained in use of medical oxygen equipment may connect or disconnect • Each crewmember, if physically able, shall attach a statement with facts, conditions, and circumstances relating to the accident • If unable, crewmember submits as soon as physically able • Report filed with field office nearest accident or incident