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Empirical and Scientific Thinking . Brendan Conway Corrine Vicari Kaitlyn Creel Matt Graham . Empirical Thought . Empirical thinking depends on past habit. Based on observation and experience. Ex. A-“It will probably rain tomorrow” B-”Why do you think so?”
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Empirical and Scientific Thinking Brendan Conway Corrine Vicari Kaitlyn Creel Matt Graham
Empirical Thought • Empirical thinking depends on past habit. • Based on observation and experience. Ex. A-“It will probably rain tomorrow” B-”Why do you think so?” A-”Because the sky was lowering at sunset” B-”What does that have to do with it?” A-” I don’t know, it just generally rains after such a sunset.”
3 Disadvantages of Empirical Thinking 1.) While many empirical conclusions are correct, they show no way discriminating between right and wrong conclusions. • Hence it is responsible for many false beliefs. • Ex. Bad luck follows the cracking of a mirror, A comet is an omen of danger. • Habits of expectation and belief are formed otherwise than by a number of similar cases
3 Disadvantages of Empirical Thinking 2.) The more times something happens, and the closer you observe it, the greater the trustworthiness of the constant conjunction is. • Many of our most important beliefs have only this sort of warrant. • Ex. No one can tell us with certainty what the cause of old age or death is.
3 Disadvantages of Empirical Thinking 3.) We have not yet made the acquaintance of the most harmful feature of the empirical method. • Leads to laziness ,presumption, and dogmatism.
Strength of Scientific method • Contrasts with the Empirical method. • Scientific thinking analyzes the present case . • Within the scientific method it’s a process of eliminating variables of an outcome and noting what happens when the variable is eliminated.
Analysis vs. Synthesis • Synthesis – combining two or more concepts to form a new concept of an idea. Making the idea less complex, and more easily understandable. • Analysis -Breaks down concepts into smaller concepts in order for us to better understand them.
Connections • Ch.1 “ In some cases, a belief is accepted with slight or almost no attempt to state the grounds that support it. “ • Ch.2 “ Conclusions may be generated by a modicum of fact merrily because the suggestions are vivid and interesting; a large accumulation of data may fail to suggest a proper conclusion because of existing customs are averse to entertaining it. “ • Ch.9 “ All judgment all reflective inference presupposes some lack of understanding a partial absence in meaning.”
Relevance to Field of Education • Education is able to keep the world in wonder and experiment. • Through proper methods of education students are able to branch out from the empirical process of thinking through experimentation.
Activity • In this activity you will follow the steps of the scientific method to discover how many candies of each color are in each bag of skittles. It will show you how scientists record data on charts, make graphs, and draw conclusions. DO NOT EAT ANY OF THE CANDIES UNTIL PERMITTED, IT WILL EFFECT YOUR RESULTS. DO NOT OPEN YOUR BAG UNTIL YOUR TOLD TO.
Directions • State the problem (hint: what are you trying to find out) • Gather information – it is unlikely you will find any info about color candies in the library, your best source of information are experts. Look around you and find some experts, you might be one yourself! • What colors of candies are in the bag
Directions • Form a hypothesis- how many candies do you think will be in the bag, and how many of each color will there be? • Open your bags of candy and sort them by color. • On a separate piece of paper make a table.(on board) • Conclusion: answer your hypothesis, was it correct? Count the total number of candies in your bag and how many there were for each color.
