1 / 10

HIV AND AIDS

HIV AND AIDS. T Cells. T cells are a type of white blood cell There are 3 types of T cells: Helper T cells: also known as CD4 + cells; these detect infection and tell B cells to make antibodies Cytotoxic T cells: attack virus-infected cells

ull
Download Presentation

HIV AND AIDS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. HIV AND AIDS

  2. T Cells • T cells are a type of white blood cell • There are 3 types of T cells: • Helper T cells: also known as CD4+cells; these detect infection and tell B cells to make antibodies • Cytotoxic T cells: attack virus-infected cells • Suppressor T cells: stop the immune system when the fight against the invaders has been won

  3. HIV • HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus • This virus attacks the Helper T cells (CD4+) of the immune system • A normal CD4+ count is between 500 to 1000 cells/mm3 of blood

  4. AIDS • AIDS stands for Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome • This is the last stage of HIV infection • A person is considered to have AIDS if their CD4+ count is lower than 200 cells/mm3 and has one or more opportunistic infections

  5. Opportunistic Infections • Occur when the CD4+ count falls below 350 cells/mm3 • Caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi that are normally present on or in the body • People with normal immune systems can fight off these invaders • People with weakened immune systems can’t, so the invaders cause infections • That’s why they are called opportunistic, because they take advantage of the weakened immune system

  6. Examples of Opportunistic Infections • Cytomegalovirus (CMV): causes pneumonia, encephalitis, gastroenteritis, and retinitis • Kaposi’s sarcoma: cancer of the blood vessels • Pneumocystiscarinii pneumonia • Wasting syndrome: causes loss of more than 10% of body weight and is accompanied by more than 30 days of diarrhea or weakness and fever

  7. HIV Transmission • HIV is transmitted through the exchange of body fluids • For example: • Sexual contact • Pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding • Injection drug use (sharing needles) • Blood transfusion and organ transplant (very rare in the U.S. because of screening) • Occupational exposure (healthcare workers)

  8. Statistics (2010) • An estimated 49,200 Americans are newly infected with HIV each year. • There are approximately 1.1 million Americans who are living with HIV/AIDS. • The CDC estimates that 16% of HIV-positive people don’t know they are infected—meaning they may be transmitting HIV without knowing it. • People of color are at disproportionate risk for HIV infection. Nearly half of new infections (44%) were among African Americans, who make up only 12% of the U.S. population. Hispanics accounted for 21% of new HIV infections—and make up only about 16% of the U.S. population.

  9. Common Myths • A person with HIV or AIDS looks sick. • Only gay people get HIV/AIDS. • Some people have been cured of HIV. • HIV isn’t a big deal anymore. A person can take a pill once a day and be fine. • Being HIV-positive is the same thing as having AIDS. • A person can get HIV from touching or kissing someone with HIV. • I am not at risk because I am in a monogamous relationship.

  10. Acknowledgment • http://www.aids.gov

More Related