Organelles: Structure & Function

Organelles: Structure & Function

Function: Controls what enters & exits the cell. Cell/Plasma Membrane Structure: Phospholipid bilayer

Function: Controls everything in the cell Structure: Contains DNA/chromosomes Enclosed by a porous double membrane called the nuclear membrane. Nucleus

Function: Takes RNA and makes ribosomes Structure: Dense region inside the nucleus Nucleolus

Function: Links together amino acids to make proteins (that means enzymes too!) Ribosomes Structure: Tiny organelles made of proteins & RNA. Found on Rough ER

Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“. Site of protein synthesis; makes more ER Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Structure: Thin folded membranes that are connected together. HAS ribosomes

Membrane-bound containers that carry substances throughout the cell Vesicle

Function: Checks, modifies & packages proteins Golgi Apparatus/Body/Complex Structure: Closely layered stacks of membrane enclosed discs

Function: Breaks down food, waste & damaged cell parts all within the cell Lysosome Structure: Contains enzymes; membrane bound

Function: Protects cell from toxins, especially H2O2. Peroxisome Structure: Contains enzymes; membrane bound

Function: stores materials for cell Vacuole Structure: fluid filled sacs; small in animal cells; large in plant cells

Function: Storage sacs in plant cells only! Plastids Structure: 3 different types

Leucoplast – stores starch in roots & stems • Chromoplast – stores the orange/yellow pigment • 3.Chloroplast- stores the green pigment/ site of photosynthesis Plastids

Function: Uses sunlight to create food, photosynthesis (only found in green plants & algae) Chloroplast Structure: 3 membranes; bean shaped; contains chlorophyll (green pigment)

Function: Supplies energy to the cell; site of cellular respiration; ‘powerhouse’ of cell Mitochondria Structure: Bean shaped; 2 membranes; has own DNA & ribosomes

Both have: more than 1 membrane ‘Powerhouse’ of their cells Contain their own DNA Reproduce independently of the cell Were they once free-living prokaryotic cells?! Chloroplast & Mitochondria

Function: Hold organelles in place & site for chemical reactions Cytoplasm/Cytosol Structure: Jelly – like substance between the area of the nucleus & cell membrane

Function: Supports & shapes the cell Cytoskeleton Structure: A network of protein filaments (microtubules, microfilaments)

Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“. Also makes lipids; breaks down toxins such as drugs/alcohol Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Structure: Thin folded membranes that are connected together. No ribosomes

Function: Helps the cell divide Structure: Small region of cytoplasm, made up of microtubules; pair of centrioles Centrosome/Centrioles

Tail used for movement Flagellum (flagella = plural)

Tiny hair-like projections on cell exterior used For movement and gathering food Cilium (cilia = plural)

Organelles: Structure & Function