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ADVERBIALS

ADVERBIALS. PRACTICE CLASS #6 (#7) 2012-04-17/18. ADVERBIALS. THE LAST TOPIC BEFORE THE MID-TERM EXAM. Page 128 – exercise 1 (a-d) . AdvP. finite clause. verbless clause. PP. PP. PP. finite clause. Page 128 – exercise 1 (e-h) . AdvP. finite clause. non-finite clause.

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ADVERBIALS

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  1. ADVERBIALS PRACTICE CLASS #6 (#7) 2012-04-17/18

  2. ADVERBIALS THE LAST TOPIC BEFORE THE MID-TERM EXAM

  3. Page 128 – exercise 1 (a-d) AdvP finite clause verbless clause PP PP PP finite clause

  4. Page 128 – exercise 1 (e-h) AdvP finite clause non-finite clause non-finite clause PP AdvP PP PP PP PP AdvP

  5. Page 128 – exercise 1 (i-k) PP verbless clause PP non-finite clause

  6. Page 128 – exercise 2 (a-d) PP adjunct AdvP disjunct adjunct PP adjunct -ING (n-f) clause AdvP adjunct

  7. Page 128 – exercise 2 (e-h) PP PP adjunct adjunct NP (possibly AdvP) adjunct INF (n-f) clause conjunct finite clause adjunct adjunct AdvP

  8. Page 128 – exercise 2 (i-l) NP AdvP adjunct adjunct AdvP adjunct AdvP adjunct adjunct AdvP

  9. Page 128 – exercise 2 (m-p) adjunct finite clause PP adjunct adjunct AdvPOR NP AdvP adjunct adjunct AdvP

  10. LET’S NOW GO BACK TO…

  11. EXERCISE #1 AND ANALYZE THE FUNCTIONS THERE.

  12. Page 128 – exercise 1 (a-d) AdvP adjunct finite clause adjunct adjunct verbless clause adjunct PP PP PP finite clause adjunct adjunct adjunct

  13. Page 128 – exercise 1 (e-h) disjunct adjunct adjunct AdvP finite clause non-finite clause non-finite clause adjunct adjunct PP conjunct AdvP adjunct adjunct PP PP PP adjunct PP adjunct AdvP adjunct

  14. Page 128 – exercise 1 (i-k) PP adjunct verbless clause adjunct adjunct PP non-finite clause disjunct

  15. RELATIVE ORDER OF ADVERBIALS IN THE SENTENCE

  16. M P T The general order of adverbials.

  17. Manner Place Time The general order of adverbials.

  18. Page 129 – exercise 5 (a-d) Determine the sentence position of the adjuncts in brackets: a) The horse jumped. (into the pond/over the fence) over the fence into the pond (sequence of events) b) He has come. (from London/to Paris) to Parisfrom London (verb of arrival – come) c) The match will be held. (in Vienna/at a sports club) at a sports club in Vienna (more specific, less specific) d) The term will begin (next year/on 15th February) on 15th February next year (more specific, less specific)

  19. Page 129 – exercise 5 (e-h) Determine the sentence position of the adjuncts in brackets: e) I will be away. (during the winter/for 2 weeks/in the country) In the country for 2 weeksduring the winter (P+D+W) f) I came home. (very late/last night/after the party/from John’s) from John’svery late after the partylast night g) We have lectures. (this week/all the afternoon/every day) all the afternoon every day this week (D+F+W) h) There were power cuts (during the winter/every day/for about four hours at a time) for about four hours at a time every dayduring the winter (D+F+W)

  20. Page 129 – exercise 5 (i-j) Determine the sentence position of the adjuncts in brackets: i) The shops are open. (every weekday/from 8 to 8) from 8 to 8 every weekday (D+F) j) The telephone rang. (three times/while you were out) three timeswhile you were out (D/F+W)

  21. Page 131 – exercise 6 (a, b) MY CAR WAS ALSO BADLY DAMAGED (BADLY) IN AN ACCIDENT THE OTHER DAY. IT (DEFINITELY) WAS DEFINITELY NOT MY FAULT IN ANY WAY. My car was damaged. (also / badly/ in an accident/ the other day) It was not my fault. (definitely/ in any way)

  22. Page 131 – exercise 6 (c, d) THE DRIVER VERY STUPIDLY JAMMED ON HIS BRAKES (VERY STUPIDLY) RIGHT IN FRONT OF ME (TODAY) IT IS STILL SNOWING QUITE HARD (TODAY). STILL, IT IS SNOWING QUITE HARD TODAY. The driver jammed on his brakes. (in front of me/ right/ stupidly/ very) It is snowing. (still/ hard/ quite/ today)

  23. Page 131 – exercise 6 (e, f) LUCKILY ENOUGH, WILLIE WAS WITH ME AT THE TIME AND FULLY CONFIRMED EVERYTHING I SAID. IF IT IS STILL SNOWING AT SIX I SHALL PROBABLYSTAY COMFORTABLY AT HOME BY THE TELEVISION THE WHOLE EVENING. Willie was with me and confirmed everything I said. (at the time/ enough/ fully/ luckily) If it is snowing I shall stay. (at home/ at six/ by the television/ comfortably/ probably/ still/ the whole evening)

  24. Page 131 – exercise 6 (g, h) FRANKLY, I HAVE NEVER (MUCH) LIKED SNOW MUCH. SOMETIMES (, IN THE EARLY AUTUMN), I ALSO LIKE (ALSO) TO ROW GENTLY ABOUT THE LAKE IN THE PARK IN THE EARLY AUTUMN. I have liked snow. (frankly/ much/ never) I like to row. (about the lake/ in the park/ also/ gently/ in the early autumn/ sometimes)

  25. Page 131 – exercise 6 (i) LUCKILY, I ONLY RARELY WANT TO DO THE THINGS I OBVIOUSLY COULDN’T DO. I want to do things I couldn’t do. (luckily, obviously/ only/ rarely)

  26. DISJUNCTS A BRIEF OVERVIEW

  27. DISJUNCTS

  28. DISJUNCTS: more info • Disjuncts are typically PPs and CLAUSES. • STYLE DISJUNCTS convey either: • Speaker’s assertion of truth (truthfully), or • Speaker’s indication of generalization (broadly). • ATTITUDINAL DISJUNCTS comment on: • TRUTH VALUE OF THE SENTENCE (CERTAINTY) • General: certainly • General + perception: obviously • General + comment on reality of content: really • CONTENT OF COMMUNICATION (EVALUATION) • General: understandably • General + comment on clause subject: wisely (similar to subjuncts)

  29. ATTITUDINAL PAGE 131 – exercise 7 It is obvious that there has been a mistake. That there has been a mistake is obvious.

  30. Page 131 – exercise 7 (b, c) ATTITUDINAL It was foolish of me to forget to ask her name. That I forgot to ask her name was foolish of me. ATTITUDINAL It was understandable that she was very upset. That she was very upset was understandable.

  31. Page 131 – exercise 7 (d, e) ATTITUDINAL We were lucky to manage to find our way back. ATTITUDINAL You were quite right to phone/to have phoned the police first.

  32. CONJUNCTS A BRIEF OVERVIEW

  33. CONJUNCTS (1/2) They have a CONNECTIVE FUNCTION between SENTENCES (sometimes, they are called SENTENCE LINKERS) Most typically, they take the INITIAL POSITION, but they are not restricted to it. Sometimes, they can take the MEDIAL and FINAL position:

  34. CONJUNCTS (2/2) There are many classifications of conjuncts, below there is a list of THE MOST FREQUENT classes of conjuncts (there are many other classes, which are not given here):

  35. PAGE 132 – exercise 9

  36. ANYWAY PROVIDED IN OTHER WORDS FOR EXAMPLE ALTERNATIVELY IN ADDITION IN CASE IN FACT ON THE CONTRARY ALL IN ALL

  37. INDEED HOWEVER FOR EXAMPLE OWING TO MOREOVER DUE TO AS WELL AS

  38. Thank you for your time! THE END

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