Unit 3 3 Saved by His Mistakes

1. Unit 33 Saved by His Mistakes Part I Listening & Speaking Activities Part II Reading Comprehension & Language Activities Part III Extended Activities

2. Part I Listening & Speaking Brainstorming Listening Speaking

3. Brainstorming Expressions for describing difficult or problem situations: accident, incident, disaster, calamity, catastrophe, a boat/car collision, a car/plane crash, mishaps, shipwreck Phrases:be in difficulty/trouble/danger, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing something, have a hard time doing something, be left stranded on/in/at, etc., be landed with (unpleasant tasks, people, etc.), be caught/stuck/jammed in (a traffic jam, etc.), get stuck Expressions of fear: frightened, panic-stricken, panicked, panicky, terrified, horrified, scared, appalled, shaken, startled, astounded, dismayed, devastated, become hysterical (歇斯底里的), act frantically/furiously/desperately (因害怕而行为发狂的) Expressions for solving problems: put…right, sort things out, clear things up, figure out what to do /how to do it, straighten things out, get to the bottom of things Expressions for rescue work: aid, rescue, come to one’s rescue, the first aid

4. Listening: An unforgettable experience Listen and answer the following questions: 1. How was the speaker thinking of doing when the passengers were told to fasten the seat belt? -- She was thinking of having a good sleep at home. 2. What happened when the plane was over the airport? --It was circling over the airport and moving unsteadily through the air. 3. What did the air hostess tell the passengers? -- The pilot had fainted and nobody was flying the plane. She asked if there was anyone who knew something about machines and flying a plane.

5. 5. What did the speaker decide to do then? --After hesitating for a while, she decided to do something. She unfastened her seat belt, got up, and followed the air hostess into the pilot’s cabin. 6. How did she deal with the situation? --First, she moved the pilot aside, and took his seat. She then followed the radio instructions from the airport below. After circling over the airport for several times to get familiar with the controls, she managed to guide the plane towards the air field and landed safely. 7. What did the crowd waiting outside do? --They rushed forward to congratulate the speaker on the perfect landing. 4. How did the passengers take the news ? --Many passengers started to panic at her words. The speaker could hear hopeless and horrified screams here and there, and she herself was also scared.

6. Retell the Story An Outline I. On her way home from a business trip II. Something wrong with the plane A. Circling over the air port B. Moving unsteadily through the air III. The appearance of an air hostess A. Telling the truth B. Requesting someone to pilot the plane C. The responses of the passengers IV. The speaker’s decision V. The speaker’s attempt to lead the plane safely

7. Group Oral Tasks Task 1: A Conversation (p.28) Work with your partner to find out what difficult/unpleasant or even dangerous situations they have ever been in. You may ask him/her the following questions: (1) Have you ever been in a difficult or risky situation? (2) How did you feel when … happened? (3) How did you cope with the situation? You could talk about the topics on p. 28 Task 2: Make up a story about the picture (p29) (1) Who is the man in bed and what is his job? (2) Why is he in the ambulance? (3) What has happened to him? (4) How did the accident happen? Task 3: A Story Have you ever experienced any risky adventures in your life? Task 4: A Story Some animals, especially pets, as many people believe, could save their masters from danger. Have you read any such stories?

8. Part II Reading Comprehension & Language Activities Pre-reading Tasks Read the Text Post-reading Tasks Words & Expressions Language Work (A, B, C)

9. Text: Saved by His Mistakes Questions for skimming: 1. What can you learn from the title? 2. What’s the story about? --A man’s adventurous hunting trip: his accidentally falling into the deep hollow of a huge tree and his rescue with the help of his dogs. 3. What do “his mistakes” refer to? --These are his two pups, Mistake No.1 and Mistake No.2, which he had bought them for 5 dollars and were mocked at by his elder brother. Questions for close comprehension: 1. What did Jerry Cram set out to do? -- He was hunting for a racoon. 2. How did Bob respond when told that the two beagle hound pups cost Jerry five dollars? -- He roared with laughter.

10. 3. What did Jerry think about the pups when he hunted for several hours without any luck? --He also had to admit that they were not much help. 4. What did he spot toward evening? -- A racoon high in a beech tree. 5. How was the tree described? -- forty-foot tall, dead, its top carried away in some storm, the trunk gutted by rot and insects. 6. What did Jerry intend to do? -- capture him by hand. 7. What happened when he got level with the top of the trunk? --The limb on which he was standing cracked ominously under his feet. He jumped to the rim of the tree trunk and the edge crumbled. He plunged down, too suddenly to make a sound, into the deep hollow of the dead tree. 8. What happened as he fell? -- His fall was broken for a moment by a jutting piece of wood that caught his clothing.

11. 9. Was he hurt when his fall was done? -- No, he picked himself up miraculously unhurt; shaken, dazed. 10. What did Jerry hear then? -- the pups sniffing and yelping to him; the shepherd barking in alarm. 11. What was the situation like? Could he find a way out? -- desperate: no handholds inside, the snag out of reach; not able to enlarge the hole by kicking; nobody would hear him since he was too far away from home. 12. What idea at last came to him? -- sending the dogs for help 13. What did the Shep do? How about the two pups? -- He streaked across the field to Bob’s home. The pups remained, yelping encouragement to their master.

12. 14. What happened later? -- A storm broke and the rain poured into the hollow trunk. Jerry was drenched by the rain. How did the pups help him at that moment? -- They were frightened but still remained, moved closer to comfort the master and stuck their muzzles to lick his feet. 15. Who guided Bob to the right tree? -- It was the barking of the sad-eyed pubs that guided him to the right tree. 16. What efforts were made to rescue Jerry? -- It took a rescue party, ropes and fifteen hours to get him out of his sodden prison. 17. Why did he say that Mistake No.1 and Mistake No.2 saved him? --The two pups stayed with him during the mishap, giving him hope and comfort. What is more, it was the barking of the two pups that guided Bob to the right tree to rescue Jerry.

13. Post-reading Tasks • Summary • Summarize the paragraphs: • The third & fourth paragraphs: --Jerry fell from a broken limb of a dead beech tree when he tried to capture a racoon and plunged down into the deep hollow of a huge tree but was miraculously unhurt. • The fifth & sixth paragraphs: --Jerry examined his situation inside the tree, and having found no way out, he then sent his dog Shepherd to get help from home. • The eighth & ninth paragraphs --Bob came to his rescue with Shepherd but it was the pups’ barking that guided him to the right tree and Jerry was at last saved by a rescue party. • Summarize the story -- The story is about a boy’s adventurous hunting trip in which he was trapped in the deep hollow of a huge tree and was eventually saved with the help of his three dogs. • Reproduce the story

14. Reproduce the story go racoon hunting with three dogs- Shep and Mistake No. 1 & 2 run out of shells, spot, beech tree, dead, top gone, gutted capture, got level with, cracked, jump, rim, crumbled, plunge, too sudden, deep hollow halfway down, jutting wood, tumble, miraculously unhurt, shaken, pick up dark inside, hole at feet, hear scared, get out, no handholds, out of reach, enlarge by kicking, no good to call, send for, streak across, remain, encouragement storm, writhed, rain poured, drenched, move closer, lick Bob follow, too tired to jump, barking of pups, guide, right tree rescue party, rope, 15 hours, out, exhausted last mistake, not give up hope, saved

15. Words & Expressions set out [start a journey] gloomy (1) [(of weather) dark and cloudy] e.g. What a gloomy day we’re having! (2) [(of a person) depressed and unhappy] e.g. The vet is rather gloomy about my cat's chances of recovery. (3) [(of a situation) having little hope] e.g. a gloomy economic forecast roar with laughter [Word Study] [laugh loudly and nosily] e.g. Those naughty boys roared with laughter when Tom made a silly mistake in class. shells [bullets] run out of … [use up; have no more of …] spot [find, see, recognize] gut [destroy in the inside]

16. get level with [reach the same height as] ominous [suggesting that something unpleasant is likely to happen] e.g. There was an ominous silence when I asked whether my contract was going to be renewed. The heavy clouds were ominous of a fierce storm. crumble [break into pieces] Down he plunged… [Word Study] [Down he fell suddenly…] e.g. The man never caught the handle. Down he tumbled to the stair landing. a jutting piece of wood [a piece of wood which stuck out] tumble [fall quickly and without control] e.g. I lost my footing and tumbled down the stairs. miraculously [surprisingly] pick oneself up [get to one’s feet slowly and with much effort]

17. yelp [utter a short, sharp bark or cry] back off [move backwards] slow (sth) up/down [make sth become slower] e.g. We slowed up when we saw the police. be out of reach [be out of the distance within which they can stretch out their arm and touch something] e.g. The top shelf is within/out of (his) reach. It does no good to do sth. [Word Study] [It is useless to do sth.] e.g. You must understand it does no good to cry over spilt milk. (an idea or a thought) come to sb. [sb. remember or start to think about an idea/thought] e.g. I can't remember his name - it'll come to me in a minute. send sb. for … [Word Study] [to ask sb to bring or deliver sth to you] e.g. Mum put the boy on the sofa and sent Tom for the doctor.

18. streak [run quickly in a straight line] e.g. The motorbike streaked off down the street. writhe [twist one’s body] e.g. The pain was so unbearable that he was writhing in agony. drench [vt. (often passive) to make someone or something extremely wet] e.g. A sudden thunderstorm had drenched us to the skin. whimper [make small weak cries] frantically [desperately; wildly] e.g. We slowed up when we saw the police. party [a group of people involved in an activity or duty] e.g. a search party sodden [adj. extremely wet]

19. Language Work (A) The aeroplane went out of control. It plunged into a deep valley and crashed. As the doctor pressed his fingers on the patient’s belly, the patient yelped in pain. The explosion caused a huge round store to tumble down the hill. The boy was nervous, so his mother hugged him to comfort him. The seriously wounded soldier miraculously recovered in a month. After years of neglect, the bridge one day crumbled. The kidnapper pointed his gun at the woman, grinning ominously. I don’t like to go boating on such a gloomy winter day. The captain suddenly spotted an immense iceberg floating towards his ship. The ferryboat overturned and many passengers were drowned. The couple were rearranging their furniture to make room for the new piano. The wounded bird flapped its wings furiously to gain height. When the game was over, all the footballers were drenched with sweat. The general manager admitted that his corporation was on the verge of bankruptcy. Don’t shout at the little girl, or you will scare her.

20. Language Work (B)

21. Language Work (C) 1. a. The naughty boys roared with laughter when Tom made a mistake when answering. b. The comedian’s funny remarks made the conference roar with laughter. c. The young men roared with laughter when they heard the joke. 2. a. The man never caught the handle. Down he tumbled to the stair landing. b. The murderer never got to know what happened to the basement door. Down he slipped into a deep hole at the bottom. c. The pilot never saw who was behind his jet. Down the jet plunged into the sea.

22. 3. a. You must understand that it does no good to cry over spilt milk. b. It would do no good to talk to him; he wouldn’t listen to you. c. Did it do you any good to get yourself drunk like that? 4. a. Mum quickly put the boy on the sofa and sent Tom for the doctor. b. The soldiers on the top of the mountain sent the message for support. c. She sent a letter to the university for an application form. 5. a. It took lots of struggling for her to get her foot out of the rock crevice. b. Finally it took an hour for the doctor to get the fish bone out of his throat. c. It took almost years’ struggle to get the political prisoner out of jail.

23. Part III Extended Activities Dictation Read More Grammar Work Vocabulary Work Translation Raise Questions Cultural Information

24. Dictation Script of the dictation Mary, who had been in a deep sleep, was woken suddenly by a strange noise, /which seemed to come from outside her window. /She sat up, startled. /Then she froze as she saw that the window, /which she thought she had locked the night before, was wide open. /With a shock, she remembered that her husband had taken the children to visit their sick grandmother, /and that she was alone in the house./ Something cracked ominously behind her. /Turning, she saw, to her great relief, /that it was only the little dog, /which had accidentally knocked over a pitcher on the small table. /Suddenly it occurred to her that she had left the window slightly open for the pup, /as it had not returned after dark. /At this moment, the little dog, whimpering, came to her side to lick her feet /as if it knew it had done something wrong./

25. Read More Questions for Reading Comprehension: 1. Why were the narrator and his wife in Afghanistan? 2. What did the inhabitants of the village come to tell them? 3. Why were the villagers so certain about the grains in their storage places being stolen? 4. What did the village council announce to the narrator? 5. What did they ask the narrator to do? 6. What did the narrator see when he got up very early to catch the “bird”? 7. What did he see at 2:30 a.m. the next morning? What did he do? How did the guards respond? 8. What or who turned out to be the thief? 9. How opinions were divided among the villagers after the kill? 10. What point does the narrator want to make with the story of the sch’goon? - When the real thief was caught, opinions were divided among the villagers. The point here is that once people have formed an opinion, it is very difficult to bring them around.

26. Words & Expressions squabble [n. argument over trivial things] culprit [a person who has done sth wrong or against the law] beyond a doubt [certainly, undoubtedly] at intervals of … [happening regularly after equal periods of time in between] e.g. The willow trees stand along the lakeside at interval s of three meters. imprint [to print or press a mark or design onto a surface] e.g. The T-shirts are imprinted with the logos of sports teams telltale [[only before noun] showing that sth exists or has happened] e.g. telltale clues/sounds/marks insofar [in so far as/ as far as]

27. be streaked with [be covered or marked with long thin lines] berate [(formal) to criticize or speak angrily to sb] e.g. She berated herself for being a bad mother. slump [sit or fall down heavily] drafty [= draughty: uncomfortable because of cold air blowing through ] spy [formally or literally: suddenly notice or see sb./sth.] move ponderously [move slowly and clumsily because of great size and weight] bleary-eyed [unable to see clearly because one is tired] grunt [give a low sound to show your annoyance, lack of interest, disagreement] excavate [to dig in the ground to look for old buildings or objects that have been buried for a long time;]

28. Grammar Work Compare these two sentences: (1-a) As he was interested in animals when he was young, he went to work at the zoo. (1-b) An early interest in animals led him to work at the zoo. (2-a) We Chinese respect knowledge and love learning. (2-b)We Chinese show a high respect for learning and a love of knowledge. Their decision toraise the price again was bound to be unpopular. She had no intention of hurting/to hurt him. She was just too outspoken. The army attacked the plane despite the terrorists’ threat to kill the hostages. The director was dreadfully upset by the famous star’s refusal to play the part of the villain. Although he worked day and night, he didn’t have the slightest desire of taking/to take a rest for a moment. I accepted his offer to take me to the fun park. He regretted his failure to attend his daughter’s wedding ceremony. There was a lot of controversy about the proposal to build/for building a nuclear power station in the suburbs. She told me of her wish to go abroad. The competition was held with the aim of encouraging new writers. Mrs. Brown reminded her husband of his promise to buy his son a new bicycle. The zoologists started the journey in the tropical forest with the sole object of finding and filming rare creatures. Fuels for heating being scarce, the scientists put forward the suggestion of using solar energy.

29. Vocabulary Work & Raise Questions a, b, a, c, c, a What was the beech tree like? What happened as he got level with the broken trunk? What occurred to him at last? How did Jerry survive the rainstorm? How did Bob find the right tree and succeed in rescuing Jerry in the end?

30. Translation Mum immediately sent Tom for the doctor. She failed to bake the cake because she had run out of sugar. Having run out of sugar, she failed to bake the cake. I know how desperately busy you are. The whole class roared with laughter at Tom’s slip of the tongue. Such things as needles and scissors should be kept out of children’s reach/the reach of children. The soldier was standing under the burning / scorching sun, drenched with sweat. Standing under the scorching sun, the soldier was drenched with sweat. He returned to his motherland in the end. It was dark inside the tree. Above him there was only a pale disc of sky. At his feet a pear-shaped hole framed a small patch of grey light. 树洞里很暗，抬头只见一圆盘大小的昏暗天空，他脚边一个梨形的小洞，透进一丝灰暗的光线。 Night came. A storm broke. Lightning writhed above his head, and rain poured into the hollow cylinder of the tree. 夜幕降临，暴风雨骤起，他头顶上电闪雷鸣，大量雨水涌进圆筒状的树洞。

31. The Friendly Society(互助会) What is the Friendly Society? - Any of a mutual-aid association in Britain. (sometimes called mutual society, benevolent society, fraternal society) How does it operate? - Its members pay regular contributions (i.e. membership fee) and receive financial aid in sickness, old age, provision for their families when they die. (a doctor for a lodge- free; funeral paid; dances, sports) What did the name originally refer to? - A fire insurance company in the 17th century. What was largely responsible for the disappearance of many friendly societies? - The establishment of the welfare state. What may happen with the decline of the welfare state in Britain? - Mutual-aid associations will once again become popular.

32. The Welfare State (福利社会) What is the government responsible for? - providing its citizens the essentials for a decent living standard. How was “the welfare state” established in UK? - The William Beveridge report in 1942, which identified five “Giant Evils” in society: squalor (肮脏), ignorance(愚昧), want(贫穷), idleness (懒惰) and disease (疾病). - A series of measures were taken after the Second World War to provide services or assistance in health, education, employment and social security (社会保障); "from the cradle to the grave” Why may the system decline? -“nanny state”, produce dependent members - theoretical impossibility to decide who should be assisted - high taxes (e.g. Denmark: tax level at 50.4% of GDP in 2002) - some provisions being reduced since the 1980s in UK: e.g. no more free eye tests for all have; prescription charges (药费)for drugs rising

33. Social Welfare Spending % ‎of social expenditure over GDP

34. Grammar Highlight- 名词性从句 主句 (independent or main clause) vs. 从句 (dependent or subordinate clause) e.g. If one works hard, he may succeed. 从句分类 (1) 关系从句 e.g. The man who is talking to Jason is Ann’s elder brother. (2) 状语从句e.g. However hard I try, I can’t remember people’s names. (3) 名词从句 名词从句 定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

35. 主语从句 (Subject Clause) e.g. (a-1) Money doesn’t grow on trees. This should be obvious. (a-2)Thatmoney doesn’t grow on trees should be obvious. (a-3) It is obvious (that) money doesn’t grow on trees. (b-1) He stole a bike. It was true. (b-2) That he stole a bike was true. 宾语从句(Object Clause) e.g. Everybody knows (that) money doesn’t grow on trees. Note: that不能省略 e.g. The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that I could have the money without delay. 同位语从句(Appositive Clause) 常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, order等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。 e.g. The fact that his proposal makes sense should be recognized. Owing to the fact that the criminal rate has risen drastically, less tourists visit the Philippines this year.

36. 表语从句(Predicative Clause) e.g. Our belief is that things will improve. The question is whether we can rely on him. That's why I was late. Whether/ if 从句作为名词从句 e.g. Whether he has signed the contract (or not) doesn’t matter. Whether (or not) he has signed the contract doesn’t matter. (Ifis not possible) The question is whether he has signed the contract. (if is not possible) I want to know whether/ if he has signed the contract (or not). I’m concerned about whether he has signed the contract (or not). (if is not possible) What/When/Where/How/ Which …疑问词引导的从句作为名词从句 e.g. When he did it is a mystery. I wonder when he did it. The question is when he did it. It depended on when he did it. I’m interested in when he did it.

37. Vocabulary Work (30’) miraculously frantically writhe fragile excavate archeologist culprit squabble ponderously appalled 救援队伍: rescue party 哄堂大笑: roar with laughter 阿富汗: Afghanistan 暴露自己、冒风险: stick one’s neck/chin out 虎口拔牙、太岁头上动土: beard the lion in its den 灾难、大祸、不幸: calamity; catastrophe; mishaps 困在（荒岛上等）: be (left) stranded … 中等大小的: medium-sized 歇斯底里的: become hysterical （跌倒之后）缓缓站起来: pick oneself up

38. Blank Filling (30’) Still, Jerry went up after the coon, intending to (1)_______ him by hand. But he never reached the animal. Just as he got (2)_______with the top of the broken trunk, the limb on which he was standing cracked (3)____________ under his feet. Instantly he jumped to the (4)_______ of the tree trunk, and at once the edge (5)__________. Down he (6)__________, too suddenly to make a sound, into the deep (7)________ of the dead tree. Jerry was scared. Some time passed before he (8)_________ down and began to look for a way to (9)_______ out. There were no (10)_________ on the inside of the trunk; the snag that had slowed him (11)_______ on his way down was (12)______________. And, though he tried (13)_____________, he couldn’t (14)_________ the hole by kicking. It would do no (15)________ to call, either; he was much too (16)_______ from home for that. At last the idea (17)_______ to him of sending the dogs (18)______ help. “Go home, Shep! Go home!” He shouted. The dog gave one sharp bark. “Go home!” He shouted again. And, at that, Shep turned and (19)________ across the field, the two pups remained, (20)_______ encouragement to their master.

39. Sentence Completion (10’) The Friendly Society is any of a ____________ association in Britain. Friendly Society was originally the name of a particular ______________ operating c. 1700. Many societies closed after 1946 when the __________ state was established. take/almost years’ struggle/political prisoner/ get out of jail comedian/remarks/conference/roar/laughter

40. Translation (30’) Johnson一家出发去打猎，但在路上汽油用完了，他们只好报警寻求帮助。(set out; run out of) The Johnsons set out to go hunting but ran out of petrol on the way. They called the police for help. 记住把杀虫剂(weed-killer)的瓶子放到孩子们够不着的地方。(out of reach) Remember to put the weed-killer bottle out of children’s reach. 跑步对老年人没什么好处，尤其是那些患有高血压、心脏病的老人。 (do good to) Running does good to old people, especially those who suffer from high blood pressure and heart diseases. 下午的时候天气阴沉，到了傍晚便下起雨来，游客都被淋湿了。(drench) It was gloomy in the afternoon and started to rain toward evening. The tourists were drenched by the rain. 当时要不是我把他从池塘里及时地拉出来，他就淹死了。(get out; drown) If I had not got him out of the pond, he would have been drowned. If it had not been me that got him out of the pond, he would have been drowned. 他正要关门，突然意识到他那只小狗Happy还没回来。(come to) He was about to close the door when it came to him that his dog Happy had not come back yet.