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CIS 375—Web App Dev II

CIS 375—Web App Dev II. XML. Introduction to XML. XML stands for ________________________. HTML was designed to display data. XML was designed to _________ data. With XML, you define your own _______. Sample XML document: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <note>

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CIS 375—Web App Dev II

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  1. CIS 375—Web App Dev II XML

  2. Introduction to XML • XML stands for ________________________. • HTML was designed to display data. • XML was designed to _________ data. • With XML, you define your own _______. • Sample XML document: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <note> <to>Tove</to> <from>Jani</from> <heading>Reminder</heading> <body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body> </note>

  3. How can XML be Used? • With XML, data can be stored separately from the ______ code. • With XML, data are stored in plain _____ format. • With XML, data can be exchanged between ____________ systems. • Important languages like _____ are written in XML. • XML is important for _____ applications.

  4. XML Document Structure • Sample XML document: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <note> <to>Tove</to> <from>Jani</from> <heading>Reminder</heading> <body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body> </note> • The XML document above consists of • an XML ___________ • One ______ element • Four _______ elements

  5. XML Syntax • All XML elements must have a _________ tag. • XML tags are ______ sensitive. • XML elements must be properly nested. <b><i>This text is bold and italic</i></b> • All XML documents must have a ______ element. • Attribute values must be _________. <note date="12/11/2002"> • Comments in XML look like this: <!-- This is a comment -->

  6. XML Elements • XML documents are _________. New elements can be added without crashing an existing application. • XML elements have ____________ (there are parent, child, and sibling elements). • Elements have content • Some have only element content (e.g., the root element) • Some have simple (_____) content <title>My First XML</title> • Some have mixed content (element and simple) • Some have no content <prod id="33-657" media="paper"></prod> • Elements may have ___________

  7. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <book> <title>My First XML</title> <prod id="33-657" media="paper"></prod> <chapter>Introduction to XML <para>What is HTML</para> <para>What is XML</para> </chapter> <chapter>XML Syntax <para>Elements must have a closing tag</para> <para>Elements must be properly nested</para> </chapter> </book> In this example, <book> has _________ content, because it contains other elements. <chapter> has _______ content because it contains both text and other elements. <para> has ________ content (or text content) because it contains only text. <prod> has _______ content, because it carries no information. Element Content

  8. XML Attributes • Element attributes are not part of the data, but contain information about the data. <file type="gif">computer.gif</file> • You should try to avoid using attributes, especially if the information feels like basic data. • One good use of attributes is for _____________. <messages> <note id="p501"> <to>Tove</to> <from>Jani</from> <heading>Reminder</heading> <body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body> </note> …

  9. XML Validation • A “well formed” XML document has correct _______. • A “valid” XML document is both well formed and conforms to a DTD (__________ Type Definition). <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "InternalNote.dtd"> • A DTD defines document structure and legal ______. • An XML _________ is the W3C alternative to DTD. • Invalid XML documents will not execute properly. • See http://www.w3.org/XML/Schema.html for details. • XML validators: • http://www.w3schools.com/dom/dom_validate.asp for DTD’s. • http://apps.gotdotnet.com/xmltools/xsdvalidator/for schemas.

  10. Internal DOCTYPE Declaration <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE note [ <!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)> <!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)> ]> <note> <to>Tove</to> <from>Jani</from> <heading>Reminder</heading> <body>Don't forget me this weekend</body> </note> • #PCDATA means “_______ character data.”

  11. XML (note.xml) <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "note.dtd"> <note> <to>Tove</to> <from>Jani</from> <heading>Reminder</heading> <body>Don't forget me this weekend</body> </note> DTD (note.dtd) <!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)> <!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)> External DOCTYPE Declaration

  12. Why use a DTD? • With DTD, your XML files can carry a description of its own _________ with it. • With a DTD, independent groups of people can agree to use a common DTD for ___________ data. • Your application can use a _________ DTD to verify that the data you receive from the outside world is valid. • You can also use a DTD to _______ your own data. • A lot of ______ are emerging to define standard DTDs for almost everything in the areas of data exchange. Take a look at http://www.schema.net.

  13. Viewing XML Files • An XML document can be viewed in IE 5.0+ by typing the URL or double-clicking the icon. • Look at this XML file: note.xml. • Invalid XML files will not display: note_error.xml. • Other Examples • An XML CD catalog • An XML plant catalog • A Simple Food Menu

  14. Displaying XML with CSS • You can view an XML with the help of a CSS, but this is not the future of XML. • Take a look at this pure XML file: The CD Catalog • Then look at this style sheet: The CSS file • Finally, view the CD Catalog formatted with the CSS file • You can write a web page using XML, but this is not recommended: A homepage written in XML. • ______ (HTML defined as XML) is recommended for creating web pages.

  15. Displaying XML with XSL • XSL (__________ Style Language) is the preferred style sheet language of XML. • XSL is far more sophisticated than CSS. • If you have Netscape 6 or IE 5 or higher you can view the XML file and the XSL style sheet. • View the result in IE 6 • View the result in IE 5

  16. XML Embedded in HTML • The unofficial ______ tag is used to embed XML data within HTML. <xml id="note"> <note> <to>Tove</to> <from>Jani</from> <heading>Reminder</heading> <body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body> </note> </xml> • You can embed a separate XML file. <xml id="note" src="note.xml"> </xml>

  17. Data Binding • Example of binding a data island to an HTML element (in the following case, _______): <html> <body> <xml id="cdcat" src="cd_catalog.xml"></xml> <table border="1" datasrc="#cdcat"> <tr> <td><span datafld="ARTIST"></span></td> <td><span datafld="TITLE"></span></td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> • Here is the result. • Here is the external XML file.

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