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Criminal Justice Trends: Community Programs and Research. Diane Haynes, M.A., M.P.A. University of South Florida. Overview. What factors Drive Crime, Re-offense Rates, and Growth of Correctional populations Focus on those most likely to reoffend
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Criminal Justice Trends: Community Programs and Research Diane Haynes, M.A., M.P.A. University of South Florida
Overview • What factors Drive Crime, Re-offense Rates, and Growth of Correctional populations • Focus on those most likely to reoffend • Size and problem of Mental Health and Substance Abuse • Examples of what several counties are doing • Q & A
Factors • Crime type, arrests, conviction, sentencing, jail, prison, and probation and parole supervision information • Key drivers of prison population growth • Need for, and access to, various services (MH / SA) • High crime rate of violent crimes, high number of individuals released without supervision, and growth in key segments of the prison population
Who is Most Likely to Reoffend • Identify who is most likely to reoffend through assessment tools and concentrate resource on high-risk individuals. • LSI-R and the Wisconsin Risk / Needs instruments • Ohio Risk assessment was developed to be used at 1) pretrial, 2) community supervision, 3) institutional intake, and 4) community re-entry
Ohio Risk Assessment Instrument • Risk To recidivate • Focus more resources to moderate and high risk cases • Identify dynamic risk factors to be used to prioritize programmatic needs • Criminogenic needs: factors that include substance abuse, personality characteristics, antisocial associates, and antisocial attitudes • Identify potential barriers to treatment • Intelligence, reading ability, language barriers, and cultural barriers
Size and The Problem of Mental Health and Substance Abuse • The jail population has a rate of at least 15.4% dealing with mental health and/or substance abuse. • The jail population who are dealing with a severe mental illness; 13.5% are receiving mental health services, and 47.6% are receiving both mental health and substance abuse services.
The Impact to Criminal Justice % of population with identified in SAMHIS or Medicaid with a Substance Abuse or Mental Health Diagnosis Over time Median number of arrests of population with identified in IDS or Medicaid with a Substance Abuse or Mental Health Diagnosis overtime
Strengthen Community Supervision • Prioritize supervision resources for individuals at moderate or high risk of reoffending • Treatment and case planning should prioritize the core criminogenic needs that can be changed • Be responsive to learning styles, reading abilities, cognitive impairments, and motivation • Implement swift, certain, and graduated sanctions for certain violators • Apply Evidence-Based Practices
What other Counties are Doing • Miami-Dade: Research with IBM/Otsuka Identifying patterns of offenders • Palm Beach: Re-entry Program • Marion County: Mental Health Court • Lee County: Pre-Arrest Diversion Program • Pinellas County: Sixth Judicial Drug Court
Policy • Improve bail and pretrial release and supervision systems • Allow officers to issue a citation rather than making an arrest for minor misdemeanor offenses • Allow placement of people in local jails and prisons to facilities closer to their communities for the last part of their sentence
Acknowledgement Justice Center (2013) Lessons from the States: Reducing Recidivism and Curbing Corrections Costs Through Justice Reinvestment. The Council of State Governments. (http://www.colorado.gov/ccjjdir/Resources/Resources/Ref/Justice_Reinvestment_StateLessons_2012.pdf)
Questions? Diane Haynes, M.A., M.P.A. Statistical Data Analyst Florida Mental Health Institute Department of Law and Policy College of Behavioral and Community Sciences University of South Florida dchayne2@usf.edu 813-974-2056
References • Edward Latessa, Paula Smith, Richard Lemke, Matthew Makarios, and Christopher Lowenkamp, Creation and Validation of the Ohio Risk Assessment System: Final Report (Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati Center for Criminal Justice Research, 2009), 36. • Justice Center (2013) Lessons from the States: Reducing Recidivism and Curbing Corrections Costs Through Justice Reinvestment. The Council of State Governments (http://www.colorado.gov/ccjjdir/Resources/Resources/Ref/Justice_Reinvestment_StateLessons_2012.pdf)