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Lycopene β ™

Lycopene β ™. Overview. Source of lycopene and beta carotene - Gac Nutritional content of gac What are lycopene and beta carotene ? Antioxidants and free radicals Functions of antioxidants Digestion and absorption Role in human health Suggested level of intake.

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Lycopene β ™

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  1. Lycopeneβ™

  2. Overview • Source of lycopene and beta carotene - Gac • Nutritional content of gac • What are lycopene and beta carotene ? • Antioxidants and free radicals • Functions of antioxidants • Digestion and absorption • Role in human health • Suggested level of intake

  3. LycopeneβTM is a combination of lycopene and beta carotene which are both obtained from…. • Momordicacochinchinensis(Gac) • It is a fruit mostly grown in Vietnam. • Relative to mass, it contains up to 70 times more lycopene than tomatoes (J. Agric. Food Chem. 52 (2): 274-279) • Carotenoids are more bioavailable

  4. Nutritional content of Gac • Gac is a good source of carotenoids such as lycopene and beta carotene. • These are found in very high concentrations compared to other lycopene and beta carotene rich fruits and vegetables. • The pulp is composed of fatty acids which enhance the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients like carotenoids. • Gac is a good source of valuable antioxidants that have good bioavailablity.

  5. Lycopene • Phytonutrient • Carotenoid – Natural pigment • Antioxidant • Insoluble in water (fat soluble) Beta carotene • Pigment found in plants • Antioxidant • It is a precursor to vitamin A • Insoluble in water (fat soluble)

  6. Antioxidants and free radicals • Antioxidant – What is it? • Any substance that reduces the oxidative damage of cells (damage due to oxygen reaction caused by free radicals). • Examples – vitamin C, E, A, selenium, zinc, lycopene, β-carotene • Free radicals • Atoms or a group of atoms with an odd (unpaired) number of electrons. • Examples – lipid peroxidation products, heavy metals Electron donation

  7. Functions of Antioxidants • Helps reduce the risk of cardio vascular diseases. • Prevents damage of pancreatic cells • Reduces the risk of cholesterol oxidation and heart disease. • Has anti-aging properties. • Supports a healthy immune system and balanced inflammatory response. • Helps prevent oxidative damage of the poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the cell membrane. • Reduces the oxidation of LDL particles which is the leading cause of atherosclerosis. • Helps reduce the risk of various cancers especially lung cancer and also stomach, oesophageal and throat cancer.

  8. Digestion and Absorption • Carotenoids (such as lycopene and beta carotene) are tightly bound in food • Carotenoids released from food are incorporated into lipid droplets in the stomach and duodenum • These lipid droplets (chylomicrons) are responsible for carrying carotenoids from the intestinal mucosa to the blood stream • Lipids play an important role in carotenoid dissolution and absorption • Heating food can improve carotenoid bioavailability

  9. Lifestyle variables affecting lycopene concentration in the body • Ageing • Greater body mass • Smoking • Alcohol consumption • Liver disorders Nutrition Reviews, 56, (2); 35 - 51

  10. Role in human health • Oxidative stress causes cell damage and inflammation • Inflammation leads to the onset of chronic diseases like cancer, heart disease, osteoporosis • As antioxidants, lycopene and beta carotene can help prevent this oxidative stress

  11. Role in human health - Lycopene

  12. Role in human health - Lycopene

  13. Role in human health – Beta carotene • Helps reduce the risk of cancer and heart disease (van Poppel & Goldbohm, 1995). • It helps promote better gap-junction communication between cells which prevents against developing cancers (Gregus & Klaasen, 1996)

  14. Suggested level of intake of lycopene • 3.7 to 16.2 mg/day – Normal intake • 35 – 75mg/day – For disease conditions like cancer and heart disease Suggested level of intake of beta carotene • 7 – 10 mg/day – Normal intake Nutr Res; 22 : 1125 – 31

  15. Composition Bioperine® is a bioavailability enhancer Suggested usage – 1 vegetarian soft gel per day

  16. Supporting studies • Lycopene • Gastric Cancer: Twelve case-control studies from a variety of populations, including the United States, Japan, Israel, Italy, Spain, Poland, Belgium and Sweden have reported that regions high in plasma lycopene had the lowest gastric cancer rates (Giovannucci, 1999). • Pancreatic Cancer: Case control study shows that lycopene was associated with a 31% risk reduction of pancreatic cancer in men (Nkondjock et al, 2005). • Colorectal Cancer: Case control studies in Italy and China reported about 60% reduction in risk of both colon and rectal cancers associated with higher lycopene consumption (Hu JF et al, 1991; Franceschi et al, 1994). • Prostate Cancer: Frequent lycopene intake is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer (Giovannucci et al, 2002). • A double blind study of 26 men with 15 mg/day of lycopene for three weeks showed a significant decrease in prostate cancer growth compared to placebo (Kucuk et al, 2001). • Lycopene at a dose of 15mg/day for 6 month, inhibits disease progression in patients with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (Schwarz et al, 2008).

  17. Lycopene • Cardiovascular Support: The findings from epidemiological studies support the claim that higher blood or tissue levels of lycopene or higher intake of lycopene from dietary sources are beneficial in the prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (Arab & Steck, 2000). • Antioxidant: Lycopene is a potent antioxidant that provides protection against cellular damage caused by ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and, therefore, may play an important role in disease prevention (Barbara et al, 2009). • Osteoporosis: Reported studies shows that lycopene, inhibited osteoclastic mineral resorption and formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive multinucleated osteoclasts, as well as the ROS produced by osteoclasts. It is also reported that higher lycopene intake and higher serum lycopene is associated with lower bone resorption (Rao et al, 2003). • Male infertility: In a clinical study 30 patients were administered 2000 mcg of Lycopene, twice a day for three months and a statistically significant improvement was observed in the concentration (66%), motility (53%) and morphology (46%) of the sperm (Gupta & Kumar, 2002). • Skin Health: In a clinical study of 20 healthy females, who ingested 16 mg lycopene daily for 12 weeks, provides protection against acute and potentially longer term (aging) photodamage of the skin (Rhodes et al, 2011).

  18. β-carotene • Cardiovascular Support: Results from 45 days study, suggest that β-carotene possesses antioxidant properties, protecting LDL and other lipoproteins from free radical damage (International Conference of Dietary Medicine held April 5-6, 2000 in Haifa, Israel). • Antioxidant: β-carotene is a powerful antioxidant, and epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between carotenoid intake and oxidative stress related diseases (Paiva & Russell, 1999). • Immune Support: Some clinical trials have found that β-carotene supplementation improves several biomarkers of immune function (Santos et al, 1998). • Anticancer Potential: Studies shows that intake of dietary carotene significantly reduced the risk of lung cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer and stomach cancer (Flagg et al, 1995) • Osteoarthritis: A high dietary intake of β-carotene is associated with a significantly slower progression of osteoarthritis (McAlindon et al, 1996). • Memory Support: A Randomized Trial shows that long term supplement of β-carotene may provide cognitive benefits (Grodstein et al, 2007). • Skin Health: β-carotene can be used as an oral sun protectant in combination with sunscreens for the prevention of sunburn and has been shown to be effective both alone and in combination with other carotenoids or antioxidant vitamins (Stahl et al, 2005).

  19. References: 1. Arab L. and Steck S. (2000). Lycopene and cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71(6 Suppl): 1691S-5S: discussion 1696S-7S. 2. Chalabi N. et al, (2004). The effects of lycopene on the proliferation of human breast cells and BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene expression. Eur. J. Cancer. 40(11) : 1768-1775. 3. Flagg W. et al, (1995). Epidemiologic studies of antioxidants and cancer in humans. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 14(5): 419-427. 4. Giovannucci E. (1999). Tomatoes, tomato-based products, lycopene, and cancer: review of the epidemiologic literature. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 91(4): 317-331. 5. Guichard F. and Bui DS. (1941). La matierecolorantedufruit du Momordicacochinchinensis Spr. Annales de l'ecoleSuperieure de Medecine et de Pharmacie de l'Indochine V, 41-42. 6. Gupta and Kumar (2002). Lycopene therapy in idiopathic male infertility--a preliminary report. Int. Urol. Nephrol. 34(3): 369-372. 7. Hu JF. et al. (1991). Diet and cancer of the colon and rectum: a case-control study in China. Int. J. Epidemiol. 20(2); 362-367. 8. Ishida BK. et al, (2004). Fatty acid and carotenoid composition of gac (MomordicacochinchinensisSpreng) fruit. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52 (2): 274-279.

  20. 9. Kucuk O. et al, (2001). Phase II randomized clinical trial of lycopene supplementation before radical prostatectomy. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 10(8): 861-868. • 10. Nkondjock A. et al, (2005). Dietary intake of lycopene is associated with reduced pancreatic cancer risk. J. Nutr. 135(3): 592-597. 11. Paiva SA. and Russell RM. (1999). Beta-carotene and other carotenoids as antioxidants. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 18(5): 426-433. 12. Rao AV. and Rao LG. (2003). Carotenoids and human health. Pharmacol. Res. 55(3):207-216. 13. Rhodes LE. et al, (2011). Tomato paste rich in lycopene protects against cutaneous photodamage in humans in vivo: a randomized controlled trial. Br. J. Dermatol. 164(1): 154- 162. 14. Santos MS. et al, (1998). Natural killer cell activity in elderly men is enhanced by betacarotene supplementation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 64(5): 772-777. 15. Schwarz S. et al, (2008). Lycopene inhibits disease progression in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. J. Nutr. 138(1): 49-53. 16. Stahl W. and Sies H. (2005). Lycopene: a biologically important carotenoid for humans? Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 336(1): 1-9.

  21. Thank you

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