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Form class words

Form class words. Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs. Two word classes. Structure Classes: stable – changes little over time; about 1% of words in English; help put structure of sentences together Examples– determiners, prepositions, pronouns, qualifiers, conjunctions, auxiliaries

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Form class words

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  1. Form class words Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs

  2. Two word classes • Structure Classes: • stable – changes little over time; about 1% of words in English; help put structure of sentences together • Examples– determiners, prepositions, pronouns, qualifiers, conjunctions, auxiliaries • the, of, they, very, and, would • Form Classes • Content words in English; most words in the language, carry meaning in sentences • Defined in terms of their Forms • Examples – noun, verb, adjective, adverb • committee, to define, yellow, quickly

  3. Nouns and Noun Phrases • A phrase is a group of words that functions as a unit in the sentence • A noun is a word that may be made plural or possessive (formal definition that focuses on the FORM of the word rather than its meaning) • “road” has a plural form “roads” and may be made possessive as in “the road’s surface” • A noun phrase has a noun as its headword • the yellow brick road • Some plurals are irregular (men or deer)

  4. Verbs and Verb Phrases • A verb is a word that has a third singular present “s” form (in most dialects) and an “ing” form (formal definition rather than one focusing on word meaning) • Every English verb has a regular present participle (“ing” form) • This definition treats all verbs alike, whether they express action “to dance” or a state of being “to become” • The verb is always the heart of the English sentence: verb form determines sentence structure

  5. Adjectives and Adverbs • Adjectives and Adverbs are words that have comparative and superlative forms • Comparative is “er” or “more” or “less” • better or taller or more beautiful or more quickly or less clever • Superlative is “est” or “most” or “least” • best or tallest or most beautiful or most quickly or least clever • Adjectives fit into the “adjective test frame” • The ______________ noun is very ______________ • Adverbs are movable. • Jane counted quickly / Jane quickly counted

  6. Structure Class Words • Words that do not belong to a FORM class are structure class words • Prepositions: about, among, over, under, etc • Conjunctions: and, because, neither. . . nor, etc. • Determiners: the, that, her, some, each, etc. • Qualifiers: rather, very, etc. • Interrogatives: who, what, how, when, etc. • And others . . . • Structure classes tend to be closed and to change little.

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