Windows NT & 2000

1. Windows NT & 2000 Robert Horan, CCNA-CCAI Erwin Technical Center School District of Hillsborough County - Tampa, Florida ITE1 - Module 6 Part 2 of 2 - Managing and Troubleshooting

2. Computer Management The Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is a feature that is unique to the Windows NT, 2000, and XP operating systems. An administrator can control almost every aspect of the local computer using the MMC. It uses management tools called Snap-ins. The Administrative Tools utility is a collection of predefined Snap-ins or tools placed into one convenient console and is usually the first place you would go to get work done. You can create your own customized console or modify an existing console by adding or removing various snap-ins.

3. Computer Management To Access the Administrative Tools utility you can either right click on My Computer and select Manage, or you can select: Start> Settings> Control Panel> Administrative Tools

4. Computer Management The A+ Folks like you to know both basic ways of getting to the Administrative Tools utility. Know the Path: Start> Settings> Control Panel> Administrative Tools

5. Computer Management • The Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is a shell that holds individual utilities and tools called snap-ins. • The MMC is customizable. • A console can be locked, if desired, to prevent changes.

6. Computer Management The Event Viewer, found in Windows NT, 2000 and XP, is an important tool for maintaining and troubleshooting. • The five types of events displayed by the Event Viewer are: • Error, Warning, Information, Success Audit and Failure Audit. • The System and Applications logs display Error, Warning, and Information events. • The Security log displays Success and Failure Audit events. • A log file can be archived by saving it to a different filename.

7. Computer Management System Log File Settings

8. Computer Management Event Viewer Filter Settings

9. Computer Management A Help window can be brought up for any snap-in by pressing F1 while the snap-in is highlighted.

10. Performance Console • The Performance Console tool is used to measure system performance.

11. Local Security Policy The Local Security Policy is a function of the Administrative Tools utility that allows the administrator to select additional security options. There are over 40 security options that are available to increase the effective security on a computer .

12. Local Security Policy One option is to set the number of days before a user is prompt to change their password. Double-click on Prompt User to change password before expiration. The administrator can increase or decrease the number of days that the system prompts a user to change a password. Note: Domain level policies override local security policies.

13. Task Manager • The Task Manager displays the applications and processes that are running and the computer resources used by them.

14. Task Manager To open the Task Manager you may use the CTRL-ALT-DEL key combination.

15. Task Manager • In Windows 2000 the CTRL-ALT-DEL key combination will take you to the Windows Security Window where you choose the Task Manager box. • In Windows 2000 the CTRL-SHIFT-ESC key combination will take you directly to the Task Manager. • By default, the Task Manager Window sits on top of all other open Windows. • Note: In Windows XP CTRL-ALT-DEL will go directly into the Task Manager.

16. Task Manager • The Task Manager allows to end or kill a program that is not responding or does not shut down in the normally. • The Task Manager in Windows 2000/XP enables a user to close down applications as well as shut off processes.

17. Task Manager • The Task Manager tool can be used to provide basic information on the system’s performance. Resource tracking is very important for solving performance problems.

18. Disk Cleanup • Disk Cleanup helps free up space on your hard drive. From within the MMC select Tools > Windows > Disk Cleanup. • The Disk Cleanup Tool is also available from: • Start > Programs > Accessories > System Tools > Disk Cleanup.

19. Disk Cleanup • Disk Cleanup searches your drive, and then shows you temporary files, Internet cache files, and unnecessary program files that you can safely delete.

20. Disk Defragmenter • Disk Defragmenter rearranges files, programs, and unused space on your computer's hard disk, so that programs run faster and files open more quickly. • The Disk Defragmenter Tool is also available from: • Start > Programs > Accessories > System Tools > Disk Defragmenter.

21. Disk Defragmenter • Volumes might become excessively fragmented when users delete a large number of files or folders, so be sure to analyze volumes after this happens. Generally, volumes on busy file servers should be defragmented more often than those on single-user workstations.

22. Disk Management The Disk Management utility allows an administrator to control, format and manipulate computer hard drives from within the operating system.

23. Disk Management A basic disk is a physical disk that contains primary partitions, extended partitions, or logical drives. If a second disk is added to the system, the computer recognizes it first as a basic disk. Basic disk storage was the standard for all of the Windows operating systems that existed before Windows NT, 2000, and XP. Basic disk is the default and works fine for most desk top systems. Note: All new disks that are added are considered basic disks until they are converted to dynamic.

24. Disk Management The disk management tool allows us to be able to have multidisk volumes using dynamic disk storage. Dynamic disks do not use standard partition tables as do Basic disks. They use a new organization method that allows different drives to act as one continuous volume by spanning across the disks. They can be created and expanded while the operating system is running.

25. Disk Management • Dynamic disks allow us to setup the following partitions: • Spanned volumes, or volume sets • Striped volumes, or stripe sets • Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID 0) • Mirrored volumes, or Mirror sets • (RAID 1) • Volumes, or Stripe Sets with Parity • (RAID 5) (2000 Server Versions, Not 2K Pro)

26. Disk Management To convert a basic disk to dynamic from within the Computer Management Console, start by expanding the Storage Folder and clicking on Disk Management. Note: Dynamic disks can only be created on fixed disks. You cannot convert removable disks, such as 1394 or universal serial bus (USB) drives, to dynamic disks.

27. Disk Management • Right-click on disk that needs to be upgraded. The above illustration shows the options that display. Be sure to right-click on the disk and not the partition. Select the Upgrade to Dynamic Disk option.

28. Disk Management • Select the disk that needs to be upgraded as shown and click OK.

29. Disk Management 3. The illustration shows the window that displays to confirm the selection. Click on the Upgrade box.

30. Disk Management 4. The illustration shows the window that warns you that versions of Windows prior to 2000 will not function on a dynamic disk. If you are sure you want to upgrade, press Yes.

31. Disk Management 5. Press OK to reboot and complete the dynamic disk upgrade. Note: A dynamic disk cannot be returned to a basic disk once an upgrade is complete without losing all of it’s information.

32. Disk Management • The three types of volumes that can be created with • Windows 2000 Professional are: • Simple Volume – This volume acts as a basic disk that contains disk space from a complete single disk. It is not fault-tolerant. • Spanned Volume – This volume includes disk space from multiple disks. There can be up to 32 disks in a spanned volume. In a spanned volume the operating systems write data to the first disk until it runs out of space. Then it continues to write data to the proceeding disks for as many disks as are included in the volume. A spanned volume is not fault-tolerant. If one disk in a spanned volume fails, the data in the entire volume is lost. • Striped Volume – A striped volume, also known as RAID 0, combines areas of free space from up to 32 multiple hard disks into one logical volume. This volume optimizes performance by allowing data to be written to all the disks at the same rate. This volume is not fault-tolerant as well so if one disk in the volume fails, then all the data is lost.

33. Disk Management • Additional volumes that can only be created in Windows 2000 Server are Mirrored and RAID 5 volumes: • Mirrored Volume – This volume contains two identical copies of a simple volume that stores the same data on two separate hard drives. Mirrored volumes provide fault tolerance in the event of hard disk failure. If one disk fails, a new one can replace it. All of the data is backed up on the other disk. • RAID 5 Volume – A RAID 5 volume consists of three or more drives. Users can have up to a total of 32 disks. Data is written to all the drives in this volume in equal amounts to improve performance. Each drive contains parity information, which holds copies of the data that is being written to the other two disks. This enables fault tolerance because in case one of the drives fails, the remaining two disks can recreate the data automatically without shutting down the server. Through a mathematical algorithm data is restored to the new drive when the failed drive is replaced. This is known as striping with parity.

34. Users and Groups Being able to create users and then organizing those users into groups is an essential task when working with Windows 2000. A user account enables a system administrator to log in and access the resources of the computer as well as have a custom environment to work in. A group is simply a collection of users that have been assigned the same permissions. Note: Management of users and groups is done at the domain level if a Windows 2000 Professional computer is a member of a Windows NT or Active Directory domain.

35. Users and Groups • To add a user, expand the Local Users and Groups window and select the Users folder in the left pane.

36. Users and Groups 2. Select New User from the Action Menu, or right click on an open area in the right pane for a pull down menu.

37. Users and Groups 3. This brings up the New User Information Box.

38. Users and Groups 4. Enter the User Name which will be the Logon Name, Description, Password and options. Press Create.

39. Users and Groups 5. The User will be added to the list.

40. Users and Groups • To add a new group, expand the Local Users and Groups window and select the Groups folder in the left pane.

41. Users and Groups 2. Select New Group from the Action Menu, or right click on an open area in the right pane for a pull down menu.

42. Users and Groups 3. This brings up the New Group Information Box.

43. Users and Groups 4. Enter the Group Name and Description. Press Create.

44. Users and Groups 5. The new Group will be added to the list.

45. Users and Groups 6. To add a user to the new Group go to the properties Box of that group and press the ADD button.

46. Users and Groups 7. This is the Select Users Box.

47. Users and Groups 8. Select a user from the list or type the user name in the box.

48. Users and Groups 9. The name will be added to the list. Press OK when you are finished.

49. Users and Groups 10. To verify that the add was successful check the group properties box.

50. NTFS file and folder permissions apply both to users working at the computer and over the network from a shared folder. Share rights for folders work in combination with file and folder permissions. The FAT file systems only support simple share rights. NTFS File Permissions