Storage

1. Storage Module 6

2. You Are Here vSphere Environment Operations Introduction to VMware Virtualization Access Control VMware ESX and ESXi Resource Monitoring VMware vCenter Server Data Protection Networking Scalability Storage High Availability Virtual Machines Patch Management Installing VMware ESX and ESXi VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

3. Importance • Storage options give you the flexibility to set up your storage based on your cost, performance, and manageability requirements. Shared storage is useful for disaster recovery, high availability, and moving virtual machines between hosts. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

4. Module Lessons Lesson 1: Storage Concepts Lesson 2: IP Storage: iSCSI and NAS/NFS Lesson 3: Fibre Channel SAN Storage Lesson 4: VMFS Datastores VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

5. Lesson 1:Storage Concepts VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

6. Lesson Objectives • Describe VMware vSphere™ storage technologies and datastores • Describe the storage device naming convention VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

7. Storage Overview VMware® vStorage VMFS NFS datastore types LocallyAttached Fibre Channel iSCSI NAS storage technology VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

8. Storage Technology Overview Locally attached storage – Internal or external storage disks or arrays attached to the host through a direct connection Fibre Channel – A high-speed SCSI transport protocol used for storage area networking (SAN): • Fibre Channel switches interconnect multiple nodes to form the “fabric” in a Fibre Channel SAN. iSCSI – A SCSI transport protocol, enabling access to storage devices over standard TCP/IP networks: • iSCSI maps SCSI block-oriented storage over TCP/IP. Network-attached storage (NAS) – Storage shared over the network at the file system level VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

9. Datastores A datastore is a logical storage unit that can use disk space on one physical device or one disk partition, or span several physical devices. Types of datastores: • VMFS • Network File System (NFS) Datastores are used to hold virtual machines, templates, and ISO images. A VMFS datastore can also hold a raw device mapping (RDM), which is used to access raw data. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

10. VMFS VMFS: • Allows concurrent access to shared storage • Can be dynamically expanded • Can use an 8MB block size, good for storing large virtual disk files • Uses subblock addressing, good for storing small files • Provides on-disk, block-level locking VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

11. NFS NFS: • Is storage shared over the network at the file system level • Supports NFS version 3 over TCP/IP VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

12. RDM AnRDM is a mapping file in a VMFS volume that acts as a proxy for a raw physical device. A raw disk can be used for existing data, virtual machine clustering, and storage array snapshots. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

13. vStorage Virtual Disk Thin Provisioning Virtual machine disks consume only the amount of capacity needed. A virtual machine sees the full allocated disk size at all times. You can mix thick and thin formats. Full reporting and alerts help manage allocations and capacity. More efficient storage utilization: • Virtual disk allocation 140GB • Available datastore capacity 100GB • Used storage capacity 80GB VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

14. Uses of Local and Shared Storage Uses of local storage: • Location for installing VMware ESX™ and ESXi Installable • Ideal for small environments Uses of shared storage: • Central repository, accessible from multiple hosts • Scalable and recoverable implementations • Clustering of virtual machines across physical hosts • Using VMware vMotion™ to migrate virtual machines • Data replication VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

15. Storage Device Naming Conventions Storage devices are identified in several ways: • SCSI ID – Unique SCSI identifier • Canonical name – The Network Address Authority (NAA) ID is a unique LUN identifier, guaranteed to be unique across reboots. • In addition to NAA IDs, devices can also be identified with mpx or t10 identifiers. • Runtime name – Uses the convention vmhbaN:C:T:L. This name is not persistent through reboots. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

16. Physical Storage Considerations Discuss vSphere storage needs with your storage administration team, such as: • LUN sizes • I/O bandwidth • Disk cache parameters • Zoning and masking • Identical LUN presentation to each ESX/ESXi host • Active-active or active-passive arrays • Export properties for NFS datastores VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

17. Lesson Summary • Describe vSphere storage technologies and datastores • Describe the storage device naming convention VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

18. Lesson 2:IP Storage: iSCSI and NAS/NFS VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

19. Lesson Objectives • Describe uses of IP storage with ESX/ESXi • Describe iSCSI components and addressing • Configure iSCSI initiators • Describe NFS components and addressing • Create an NFS datastore VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

20. Using IP Storage with ESX/ESXi ESX/ESXi supports two types of IP storage: • iSCSI – Used to hold one or more VMFS datastores • NAS – Used to hold one or more NFS datastores iSCSI and NFS datastores: • Are used to hold virtual machines, ISO images, and templates • Support vSphere features like vMotion, VMware High Availability, and VMware Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) ESX/ESXi supports: • Up to 64 NFS volumes • iSCSI or NFS over a 10GbE interface • iSCSI or NFS in an IPv6 environment (experimental only) ESX/ESXi supports booting from an iSCSI SAN: • ESX hosts: From independent hardware iSCSI • ESXi hosts: From software iSCSI and dependent hardware iSCSI VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

21. iSCSI Components VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

22. iSCSI Addressing iSCSI target name: iqn.1992-08.com.mycompany:stor1-47cf3c25 oreui.fedcba9876543210 iSCSI alias: stor1 IP address: 192.168.36.101 iSCSI initiator name: iqn.1998-01.com.vmware:train1-64ad4c29 oreui.1234567890abcdef iSCSI alias: train1 IP address: 192.168.36.88 VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

23. iSCSI Initiators VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

24. Configuring Software iSCSI • To configure the iSCSI software initiator: • Configure a VMkernel port for accessing IP storage. • Enable the iSCSI software adapter. • Configure iSCSI target addresses. • Configure iSCSI security (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol). VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

25. ESX/ESXi Network Configuration for IP Storage A VMkernel port must be created for ESX/ESXi to access software iSCSI. • The same port can be used to access NAS/NFS storage. To optimize your vSphere networking setup: • Separate iSCSI networks from NAS/NFS networks. • Physical separation is preferred. • If that is not possible, use VLANs. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

26. iSCSI Target-Discovery Methods Two discovery methods are supported: • Static • Dynamic (also known as SendTargets) SendTargets response returns iSCSI qualified name and all available IP addresses. 192.168.36.101:3260 SendTargets response SendTargets request iSCSI target 192.168.36.101:3260 VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

27. iSCSI Security: CHAP Software iSCSI properties > General tab iSCSI initiators use CHAP for authentication purposes. • By default, CHAP is not configured. ESX/ESXi supports two types of CHAP authentication: • Unidirectional • Bidirectional • Software iSCSI only ESX/ESXi also supports per-target CHAP authentication. • Software iSCSI only • Different credentials for each target Target authenticates host. Host authenticates target. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

28. Configuring Hardware iSCSI • To configure the iSCSI hardware initiator: • Install the iSCSI hardware adapter. • Modify the iSCSI name and configure the iSCSI alias. • Configure iSCSI target addresses. • Configure iSCSI security (CHAP). VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

29. NFS Components directory to share with the ESX/ESXi host over the network NAS device or a server with storage ESX/ESXi host with NIC mapped to virtual switch VMkernel port defined on virtual switch VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

30. Addressing and Access Control with NFS 192.168.81.33 192.168.81.72 VMkernel port configured with IP address VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

31. Configuring an NFS Datastore Create a VMkernel port: • For better performance and security, separate it from the iSCSI network. Provide the following information: • NFS server name (or IP address) • Folder on the NFS server, for example, /nfs4/Classes/vSICM41A • Whether to mount the NFS file system read-only: • If holding an ISO image library, mount read-only. • If holding virtual machines, mount read/write (default). • NFS datastore name VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

32. Viewing IP Storage Information Hosts and Clusters view > Configurationtab > Storage link Datastores view > Storage Views tab VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

33. Unmounting an NFS Datastore Click the Storage link in the Configuration tab to unmount an NFS datastore. Unmounting an NFS datastore makes the files in the shared folder inaccessible to the host. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

34. Lab 6 • In this lab, you will configure access to an iSCSI and NFS datastore. • Create a VMkernel port on a standard virtual switch. • Configure the iSCSI software adapter. • Configure access to an NFS datastore. • View iSCSI and NFS storage information. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

35. Lesson Summary • Describe uses of IP storage with ESX/ESXi • Describe iSCSI components and addressing • Configure iSCSI initiators • Describe NFS components and addressing • Create an NFS datastore VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

36. Lesson 3:Fibre Channel SAN Storage VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

37. Lesson Objectives • Describe uses of Fibre Channel with ESX/ESXi • Describe Fibre Channel components and addressing • Access Fibre Channel storage VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

38. Using Fibre Channel with ESX/ESXi Fibre Channel SAN LUNs: • Are used for VMFS datastores to hold virtual machines, ISO images, and templates • Are used for holding RDMs, which point to a virtual machine’s raw data • Are used for remote booting of ESX/ESXi • Support vSphere features like vMotion, VMware HA, and DRS ESX/ESXi supports: • 8Gb Fibre Channel • Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

39. Fibre Channel SAN Components VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

40. Fibre Channel Addressing and Access Control VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

41. Accessing Fibre Channel Storage • Install one or more Fibre Channel adapters on the ESX/ESXi host. • The Fibre Channel adapters are recognized by the host during the boot sequence. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

42. Viewing Fibre Channel Storage Information The Storage Views tab provides information about all SCSI adapters and NAS mounts. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

43. Viewing Fibre Channel Storage Maps HBA target LUN VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

44. Lesson Summary • Describe uses of Fibre Channel with ESX/ESXi • Describe Fibre Channel components and addressing • Access Fibre Channel storage VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

45. Lesson 4:VMFS Datastores VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

46. Lesson Objectives • Create a VMFS datastore • Increase the size of a VMFS datastore • Delete a VMFS datastore VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

47. Using a VMFS Datastore with ESX/ESXi Use VMFS datastores whenever possible: • VMFS is optimized for storing and accessing large files. • A VMFS can have a maximum volume size of 64TB. • NFS datastores are great for storing virtual machines. But some functions are not supported. • Use RDMs if your virtual machine: • Is performing SAN snapshotting • Is clustered to a physical machine using Microsoft Cluster Service (MSCS) • Has large amounts of data that you do not want to convert into a virtual disk VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

48. Creating a VMFS Datastore To create a VMFS datastore, use the Add Storage wizard: • Select the storage type, Disk/LUN. • Select an available LUN. • Specify a datastore name. • Specify the datastore size: use full or partial LUN. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

49. Viewing VMFS Datastores Storage link in the Configuration tab Storage Views tab VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A

50. Browsing Datastore Contents Right-click the datastore in the host’s Summary tab or click the Storage link in the Configuration tab. VMware vSphere 4.1: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A