UNCTAD Enterprise Development Branch

1. UNCTADEnterprise Development Branch

2. Mission Statement • To assist enterprises to realize their trade and investment opportunities.

3. How the Mission is accomplished…. • By building institutional capacity at the country level so that developing countries can assist their enterprises to survive and compete in the global economy.

4. Activities • Engages in research on best practices • Promotes inter-governmental consensus on policies and programmes • Assures policy coherence at the national and international levels • Undertakes technical cooperation activities

5. Enterprise Policies Enterprise Capacity Building Financial Services & Governance National Strategies Policy coherence EMPRETEC Special Projects Accounting / Reporting Corporate Governance Organigram of the Branch Enterprise Development

6. Enterprise Policies - National strategies • Identification of effective private sector development strategies • Public-private sector dialogue : building awareness/commitment/partnership. • Business development services • One stop shop (EMPRETEC) • Networking / South-South cooperation • Disadvantaged entrepreneurs : Women, Rural • Financing SMEs • Obstacles to commercial bank lending • Implementing Monterrey Consensus • Combining business & financial services • Technology transfer for SMEs • Financing technology • Acquiring technology via interfirm cooperation • Business linkages • Clustering

7. Enterprise Policies - Policy coherence • Interface between national strategies and WTO, IMF, BIS requirements

8. EMPRETEC • Purpose : Contribute to the development of a dynamic private sector • 5 Stages: Formal request, Consensus with the Government, Initial implementation of ENC, Final implementation of ENC, Project Maturity-ENC • Map of countries where EMPRETEC installed • Products & Services • South-South Cooperation • Impacts

9. EMPRETEC Installation phases • Phase I Formal request for an Empretec project and initial discussions; • Phase II Programming mission, assessment of national SME sector, consensus with Government, identification of counterpart, drafting of project document; • Phase III Recruitment of staff, including the director, establishment of Advisory Board, initial core activities; • Phase IV Operationalization of full project, putting in place basic training and services, certification of local trainers, setting up a national association of participants; • Phase V Maturity of project, offering customized training and other services, progress toward financial self- sustainability, establishing of legal entity (e.g. foundation, association).

10. Operational Empretec Centers

11. EMPRETECProducts & Services • Entrepreneurship Training Workshop (ETW) • Intrapreneurship • Agrotech • Iniciativa • PROEX • Financial services • Business linkages • Women entrepreneurs

12. South-South cooperation • Brazil  Angola, Guyana, Jordan, Mozambique, Romania, Palestinian Territory (core activities) • Chile  Argentina (Business Plan training) • Colombia  Argentina, Chile, Venezuela (Agrotech) • Ethiopia & Zimbabwe  Uganda (core activities) • Ghana  Enterprise Africa (core activities) • Ghana  Ethiopia, Guyana (ETW) • Uruguay  El Salvador, Guatemala, Panama (core activities) • Uruguay  Argentina, Panama (PROEX) • Uruguay  El Salvador, Ethiopia, Morocco,Zimbabwe (Iniciativa)

13. Empretec impact via MED2000

14. EMPRETEC in Latin America(cumulative figures until Feb 2003)

15. EMPRETEC in Africa (cumulative figures until Feb 2003)

16. EMPRETEC in other parts of the world (cumulative figures until Feb 2003)

17. Special Projects • Business linkages • Women entrepreneurs • Corporate social responsibility

18. Financial Services & Governance • ECOSOC mandate • Bangkok mandate • ISAR (members)

19. ECOSOC mandate • Concerned about the lack of adequate disclosure, reliability and comparability of financial reports by TNCs: • July 1972, convoked a “group of high-ranking independent experts” or the group of “Eminent Persons” • In July 1975 the Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (GEISAR) was established • Based on the Recommendations of the predecessor ad hoc expert group, ECOSOC, established the Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (ISAR)as a standing expert group.

20. ISAR mandate • make a positive contribution to standard-setting at the national and regional level • take appropriate action to ensure the comparability of disclosure by transnational corporations • serve as an international body for the consideration of issues of accounting and reporting • review developments in the field of international accounting and reporting; including the work of standard-setting bodies • concentrate on establishing priorities (of work) taking into account the needs of home and host countries, particularly those of developing countries.

21. Bangkok mandate • As per Bangkok Plan of Action (2000) paragraph 122, • UNCTAD should promote increased transparency and financial disclosure by encouragingthe use of internationally recognized accounting, reporting and auditing standards and improved corporate governance. UNCTAD should develop appropriate technical cooperation programmes in this field.

22. ISAR membership

23. Main areas of work of ISAR • Transparency/accountability/comparability • Accounting by SMEs • Corporate governance / Disclosures • Corporate social responsibility • Environmental accounting & reporting • Social accounting & reporting • Capacity building • Guidelines on professional qualifications • Role and responsibility of auditors