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Chapter 2 Words & Paradigms

Chapter 2 Words & Paradigms. Morphology Lane 333. What is a word?. It’s used in more than one way There is a major ambiguity in the term The same vocabulary (lexeme) is not always represented by the same form (map, maps) Lexeme is written in capital letters: MAP

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Chapter 2 Words & Paradigms

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  1. Chapter 2Words & Paradigms Morphology Lane 333

  2. What is a word? • It’s used in more than one way • There is a major ambiguity in the term • The same vocabulary (lexeme) is not always represented by the same form (map, maps) • Lexeme is written in capital letters: MAP • Grammatical word-form: italics: map, maps • A lexeme falls into classes: noun, verb, preposition etc

  3. Exercises • How many formally different grammatical word-froms does a typical English noun like ROOM or GILRL have? • How many different grammatical word-forms does a typical English verb like PLAY or SEEM have?

  4. A paradigm • A paradigm: when various grammatical forms of any given lexeme are grouped together and organized

  5. A paradigm • Paradigm of PLAY • present simple play • present 3rd person singular plays • infinitive/imperative play • past simple played • present participle playing • past/passive participle played • How do you fit BEAT in the paradigm above?

  6. Paradigms • Paradigms may vary from lexical category to lexical category & from language to language • e.g: Italian verbs have at least 51 forms • Regular paradigm: a paradigm that fall into patterns with clear constructional principles & many lexemes follow the same pattern • Irregular Paradigm: the constructional principles are obscure & a smaller number of lexemes follow it (BE paradigm) • Subregular paradigms: a lexeme might have some different patterns

  7. Morphological Class • Morphological Class: different paradigms within a particular lexical category • e.g: we have different noun classes in Italian • Citation-from: the one with no other morphemes attached ‘ • e.g, TO STRECH • Being identical in sound, spelling or both doesn’t indicate that two words represent the same lexeme • E.g, SMELL (noun) TO SMELL (verb)

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