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WHY DO OCEANS AND CONTINENTS HAVE DIFFERENT THERMAL PROPERTIES?

WHY DO OCEANS AND CONTINENTS HAVE DIFFERENT THERMAL PROPERTIES?. Continents heat up and cool down more quickly than oceans. Differences in Specific Heat. Differences in L atent Heat Flux. Differences in the Penetration of Radiation. Differences in Mixing. Differences in Specific Heat.

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WHY DO OCEANS AND CONTINENTS HAVE DIFFERENT THERMAL PROPERTIES?

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  1. WHY DO OCEANS AND CONTINENTS HAVE DIFFERENT THERMAL PROPERTIES? Continents heat up and cool down more quickly than oceans.

  2. Differences in Specific Heat. • Differences in Latent Heat Flux. • Differences in the Penetration of Radiation. • Differences in Mixing.

  3. Differences in Specific Heat. • The quantity of energy required to raise a • fixed weight (1 Kg) of a substance (1°k, 1°C or 1.8°F). • Differences in Latent Heat Flux. • Differences in the Penetration of Radiation. • Differences in Mixing.

  4. Differences in Specific Heat. • The quantity of energy required to raise a • fixed weight (1 Kg) of a substance (1°k, 1°C or 1.8°F). • Differences in Latent Heat Flux. • The proportion of insolation directed towards changing the state of water (melting or evaporation) which does not change the temperature of the immediate environment. • Differences in the Penetration of Radiation. • Differences in Mixing.

  5. Differences in Specific Heat. • The quantity of energy required to raise a • fixed weight (1 Kg) of a substance (1°k, 1°C or 1.8°F). • Differences in Latent Heat Flux. • The proportion of insolation directed towards changing the state of water (melting or evaporation) which does not change the temperature of the immediate environment. • Differences in the Penetration of Radiation. • The depth of a substance over which a fixed quantity of insolation is distributed ~ “Concentration/dilution”. • Differences in Mixing.

  6. Differences in Specific Heat. • The quantity of energy required to raise a • fixed weight (1 Kg) of a substance (1°k, 1°C or 1.8°F). • Differences in Latent Heat Flux. • The proportion of insolation directed towards changing the state of water (melting or evaporation) which does not change the temperature of the immediate environment. • Differences in the Penetration of Radiation. • The depth of a substance over which a fixed quantity of insolation is distributed ~ “Concentration/dilution”. • Differences in Mixing. • The ability of the substance to redistribute energy within itself once the energy has been delivered.

  7. SPECIFICIC HEAT: Water molecule + + H H O -

  8. SPECIFICIC HEAT: Water molecule + + H H O - Hydrogen bonds - - + +

  9. SPECIFICIC HEAT: Water molecule + + 20,000 KJ H H O - Hydrogen bonds - - + +

  10. SPECIFICIC HEAT: Water molecule + + 20,000 KJ H H O - Hydrogen bonds 1Kg H2O 1Kg soil Water Soil - - + +

  11. SPECIFICIC HEAT: Water molecule + + 20,000 KJ H H O - Specific heat: 4200 KJ Kg-1 °K-1 2500 KJ Kg-1 °K-1 Hydrogen bonds 1Kg H2O 1Kg soil Water Soil - - + +

  12. SPECIFICIC HEAT: Water molecule + + 20,000 KJ H H O - Specific heat: 4200 KJ Kg-1 °K-1 2500 KJ Kg-1 °K-1 Hydrogen bonds 1Kg H2O 1Kg soil Water Soil - - 20,000 4,200 + + T↑~5°K

  13. SPECIFICIC HEAT: Water molecule + + 20,000 KJ H H O - Specific heat: 4200 KJ Kg-1 °K-1 2500 KJ Kg-1 °K-1 Hydrogen bonds 1Kg H2O 1Kg soil Water Soil 20,000 2,500 - - T↑~5°K + + T↑8°K

  14. LATENT HEAT FLUX: Sensible Heat Sensible Heat Latent Heat Latent Heat Ground Heat Ground Heat Continents Oceans

  15. LATENT HEAT FLUX: More water available to change the state of over oceans than continents. Thus proportion to Latent Heat Flux is higher Sensible Heat Sensible Heat Latent Heat Latent Heat Ground Heat Ground Heat Continents Oceans

  16. LATENT HEAT FLUX: If a higher proportion of the available insolation is diverted to Latent Heat, then a lower proportion is available for Ground and Sensible Heat Sensible Heat Sensible Heat Latent Heat Latent Heat Ground Heat Ground Heat Continents Oceans

  17. LATENT HEAT FLUX: If a higher proportion of the available insolation is diverted to Latent Heat, then a lower proportion is available for Ground and Sensible Heat Sensible Heat Sensible Heat Latent Heat Latent Heat Ground Heat Ground Heat Continents Oceans No changes in temperatures Changes in surface and air temperatures

  18. PENETRATION OF RADIATION: Assume equal Ground Heat Flux Greater depth of penetration in the liquid ocean compared to solid continents Oceans Continents OCEAN CONTINENT Depth Depth Liquid Solid

  19. PENETRATION OF RADIATION: Equal quantities of energy represent equal areas “heated”. Oceans “deep” but “cool surface” – continents “Shallow”, but “warm surface” Oceans Continents OCEAN CONTINENT Cool Warm Equal Areas Depth Depth Liquid Solid Temperature Temperature

  20. MIXING: Calm Least Dense Warm Stable Profile – little mixing. Cooler Denser Coolest Most Dense

  21. MIXING: Calm Rough Warm Wave Energy – surface mixing. Cooler Coolest

  22. MIXING: Evaporation Calm Salty Rough Saline Waters – more dense, promote vertical mixing. Warm Cooler Coolest

  23. MIXING: Calm Salty Rough Cold Cool surface waters – (ice melting) more dense, promote vertical mixing. Warm Cooler Coolest

  24. MIXING: Calm Salty Rough Cold Cool surface waters – (ice melting) more dense, promote vertical mixing. Warm Cooler Coolest No equivalent processes within the continental surfaces.

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