General Capital Assets; General Long-Term Liabilities; Permanent Funds

1. General Capital Assets;General Long-Term Liabilities;Permanent Funds Chapter 9

2. Learning Objectives • Understand how to maintain GCA & GLTL information for reporting purposes • Understand how to account for transactions affecting GCA & GLTL • Understand how GCA & GLTL are related • Account for and report general infrastructure capital assets • Understand how to apply the modified approach to infrastructure capital assets • Understand GCA & GLTL financial reporting • Understand how to use, account for, & report Permanent Funds • Account for transactions affecting all Governmental Funds, GCA, & GLTL

3. GCA &GLTL:What We’ve Seen Thus Far • General Capital Assets (GCA) • Purchases recorded as expenditures rather than fund assets • Sales recorded as Other Financing Sources (OFS) • General Long-Term Liabilities • Issuance of debt recorded as OFS • Retirement of debt recorded as expenditures or Other Financing Uses (OFU)

4. GCA-GLTL Accounting Equation

5. Characteristics of Capital Assets • Used in operations of the government (not for resale) • Have useful lives extending beyond a single reporting period (may be modified by government’s capitalization policy) May be tangible or intangible

6. Land Land improvements Easements Buildings Building Improvements Vehicles Machinery Equipment Works of art Historical treasures Infrastructure Types of Capital Assets

7. Capital Assets ≠ GCA All general capital assets are capital assets, but not all capital assets are general capital assets! • GCA used by the Governmental Funds (general government) • Other capital assets are fund-specific: used by the Proprietary Funds and Trust Funds

8. Initial Valuation

9. Other Acquisition Methods

10. Normal GCA Classifications(recommended by GFOA) • Land • Buildings or Building Improvements • Infrastructure • Machinery & Equipment • Construction in Progress

11. Infrastructure Capital Assets • Long lived capital assets that normally are stationary in nature and normally can be preserved for a significantly greater number of years than most capital assets. Examples of infrastructure assets include roads, bridges, tunnels, drainage systems, water & sewer systems, dams, & lighting systems.

12. Capitalization Policy • Minimum dollar amount • Minimum useful life Whatever the government elects to do, it must be disclosed in the notes 12

13. Property system ID number Serial number, etc. Abbreviated description Date of acquisition Name and address of vendor Payment voucher number Fund and account from which purchased Federal financing, if any Cost or estimated cost Estimated useful life & salvage value and annual depreciation Accumulated depreciation Department charged with custody Location Date, method, and authorization of disposal Minimum Information forProperty Records

14. Other GCA Issues • Regular GCA inventory • Accounting for additions, betterments, and renewals • Depreciation and accumulated depreciation • Modified approach • Allowed only with infrastructure assets • No depreciation recorded • Only additions / improvements are capitalized • Updating GCA records

15. Defined Significant (material) Unexpected (not normal, not ordinary) Decline in the service utility of a capital asset Excludes Events or changes in circumstances that might be expected to occur during useful life CA accounted for using the modified approach Declines caused by deferred maintenance Impairment of Assets

16. Indicators of Impairment • Evidence of physical damage • Change in legal or environmental factors • Technological development or evidence of obsolescence • A change in the manner or expected duration of usage of an asset • Construction stoppage

17. Measuring Impairments

18. Restoration Cost Approach Amount of impairment is derived from the estimated costs to restore the utility of the capital asset. The estimated restoration cost can be converted to historical cost either by restating the estimated restoration cost using an appropriate cost index or by applying a ratio of estimated restoration cost over estimated replacement cost to the carrying value of the capital asset.

19. Service Units Approach Isolates the historical cost of the service utility of the capital asset that cannot be used due to the impairment event or change in circumstances. The amount of impairment is determined by evaluating the service provided by the capital asset—either maximum estimated service units or total estimated service units throughout the life of the capital asset—before and after the event or change in circumstance.

20. Deflated Depreciation Replacement Cost Approach Replicates the historical cost of the service produced. A current cost for a capital asset to replace the current level of service is estimated. This estimated current cost is depreciated to reflect the fact that the capital asset is not new, and then is deflated to convert it to historical cost dollars.

21. Reporting Impairment Losses • Temporary – no impairment loss report, but cost to repair is reported • Expenditure in Governmental Funds • Loss in Proprietary Funds • Other than temporary • Expenditure in Governmental Funds • Program expense, extraordinary item, or special item in Proprietary Funds and government-wide statements

22. Reporting Insurance Recoveries • Governmental Funds – OFS or extraordinary item, as appropriate • Government-wide financial statements & Proprietary Funds – report restoration separate from impairment and associated insurance recovery • Impairment loss reported net of insurance recovery if both occur in same fiscal year • Insurance recovery in subsequent year reported as program revenue, nonoperating revenue, or extraordinary item, as appropriate

23. Special Circumstances • Insurance recoveries for losses other than impairments: • Netted against loss if in same fiscal year • Program revenue, nonoperating revenue, or extraordinary revenue if in subsequent year • Self-Insurance • From ISF, report as described above • From General Fund, recovery is reported as • Reimbursement up to amount of loss • Transfer for any excess

24. Reporting GCA • Financial Statements – governmental activities column of government-wide Statement of Net Assets • Notes to the Financial Statements • Beginning and Ending Balances of capital asset accounts and related accumulated depreciation accounts • Acquisitions of capital assets • Sales or other dispositions • Allocation of current period depreciation expense to each function in the Statement of Activities 12

25. Defined All unmatured long-term debt of the government except for that accounted for in a Proprietary Fund or Trust Fund Examples Bonds, warrants, & notes Capital leases and CoPs Underfunded pension plan contributions Claims & judgments Compensated absences Landfill closure and post-closure care costs General Long-Term Liabilities

26. Special Circumstances • Serial Bonds • Special Assessment debt • Defaulted bonds • In-substance defeasance

27. Reporting GLTL • Financial Statements – governmental activities column of government-wide Statement of Net Assets • Notes to the Financial Statements • Beginning and Ending Balances of GLTL accounts • Issuances / increases in GLTL accounts • Retirements / decreases in GLTL accounts • Which governmental funds have typically been used in prior years to liquidate other long-term liabilities 1

28. Permanent Funds • Used to account for resources held in trust by the government for the benefit of the government or of its citizenry as a whole • Contrast with Private Purpose Trust Fund where the assets are used to benefit private individuals, private organizations, or other governments

29. Relationships Requiring Use of a Permanent Fund • Gift of real or personal property where • Principal is to remain intact • Earnings are to be used for certain purposes • Employee loan fund – principal could be reduced under certain circumstances • Other trust agreements