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The Holocaust

The Holocaust. January 30, 1933 to May 8, 1945. Holocaust (Shoah). Means the complete destruction of a large number of people In Hebrew=“a great and terrible wind” A genocide by Nazi Germany to make the world Judenrein —cleansed of Jews.

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The Holocaust

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  1. The Holocaust January 30, 1933 to May 8, 1945

  2. Holocaust (Shoah) • Means the complete destruction of a large number of people • In Hebrew=“a great and terrible wind” • A genocide by Nazi Germany to make the world Judenrein—cleansed of Jews

  3. Genocide Any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group: • Killing members of the group • Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group • Preventing births within the group • Inflicting on the group’s conditions of life to bring about destruction

  4. Genocide • The mass killing of a group of people.

  5. Anti-Semitism • Prejudice and discrimination against Jews • Existed for over 2,000 years • 1879, Germans begin to be taught that they belonged to a superior/master race (Aryan race)

  6. Adolf Hitler • Appointed as Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933 • Dictator • After five years in power, Nazis achieved control over German politics, society and culture. • Zeal for absolute authority • Evil intentions

  7. Nazi Terrorism • Used the Gestapo police to intimidate people (SS) • Restricted Jews’ civil liberties confiscated their property, dismissed them from civil service and the universities, barred them from practicing their professions and “Aryanized” their businesses or reassigned ownership to non-Jewish Germans. • Nazis took away the rights, freedoms, and lifestyle of the Jewish people.

  8. Isolation • September 1941—Jews forced to wear an identifying Jewish star saying Juda/Jude (Jew)

  9. Other Victims of the Nazis’ 6 million Jews were killed during the Holocaust. 5 millionothers perished under Nazi persecution: • Gypsies (Roma and Sinti) • Jehovah’s Witnesses • Poles, Slavs, and Serbs • Homosexuals • Political prisoners • Resistance fighters • Physically and mentally handicapped • Blacks/Inter-racial individuals • Criminals • Christian supporters

  10. How did the Nazis know who was Jewish? • Census in 1933 had “race” as a category. • Their clothes, habits, and practices made them look different. • Synagogues and temples kept birth, marriage, and death records. • Neighbors and friends turned on them after the Nazis took over, so they could claim rewards.

  11. Kristallnacht(“Night of Broken Glass”) • November 9th and 10th, 1938 a pogrom (riot) of anti-Jewish violence erupted throughout Germany and Austria. • Germans destroyed synagogues, Jewish businesses and homes, and burned Torah scrolls, Bibles, and prayer books, and books by Jewish authors.

  12. Effects • About 100 Jews were killed • 30,000 Jewish men were sent to the concentration camps of Dachau, Buchenwald, and Sachsenhausen.

  13. Jewish Ghettos • Ghettos were living quarters in cities where Jews were held captive, pressed into hard labor, robbed of their rights and possessions and exposed to miserable conditions. • Extreme despair, hunger, and poverty • Epidemic diseases like typhus and tuberculosis were a constant threat

  14. Einsatzgruppen (killing units) • Special units made up of SS (Secret State Police). Also known as Gestapo. • Slaughtered Jews in mass shootings • Victims rounded up and marched to the outskirts of the city where they were told to dig large ditches • They were then shot and the bodies were placed in mass graves, placed layer upon layer • Most people stood by and did nothing • In this killing phase, more than 1.2 MILLION Jews were killed

  15. The “Final Solution” 1942 • Nazi regime’s code for the deliberate, planned mass murder of ALL European Jews. • Fifteen high-ranking Nazi party and German government leaders gathered in Wannsee district of Berlin to coordinate how to carry out the “final solution” • They calculated that 11 million European Jews from more than 20 countries would be killed under this heinous plan.

  16. How? • Use of poison gas (Zyklon B) • Crematoria to dispose of the bodies at six death camps: Chelmno, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Belzec, Majdanek, Sobibor, and Treblinka

  17. The Camps • Transit Camps-held Jews to be moved • Concentration Camps • Labor Camps-doctors calculated the number of calories they needed each day to work and stay alive • Death Camps-concentration camps with special apparatus designed for systematic murder

  18. People Involved • Perpetrators-Hundreds of thousands of people who helped kill 11 million: the Nazis, the SS, Hitler’s henchmen, etc. • Collaborators-People who were indirectly involved like foreign governments, people who turned in Jews, and those running industries that used slave labor

  19. People Involved • Bystanders-Largest group; only 20 of 4,000 Jews in a Lithuanian village in 1944 survived • Rescuers-Only a few thousand; Danes helped rescue 95% of Danish Jews by getting them to Sweden; but less than ½ of 1% of Europe’s population helped to rescue Jews

  20. Put the Numbers in Perspective • 11 million deaths is the equivalent of killing the total victims of 9/11 every day for five years straight. Yet the world did NOTHING!

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