BVM Devices

1. BVM Devices • Equipment must be the right size. • BVM device at 10 to 15 L/min provides 90% oxygen concentration. • Ventilate at the proper rate and volume. • May be used by one or two rescuers

2. One-rescuer BVM Ventilation A B C D

3. Airway Obstruction • Croup • A viral infection of the airway below the level of the vocal cords • Epiglottitis • Infection of the soft tissue in the area above the vocal cords • Foreign body airway obstructions

4. Signs and Symptoms • Decreased or absent breath sounds • Stridor • Retractions • Difficulty speaking

5. Signs of Complete Airway Obstruction • Signs and symptoms • Ineffective cough (no sound) • Inability to cry • Increasing respiratory difficulty, with stridor • Cyanosis • Loss of consciousness

6. Removing a Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (1 of 5) • In an unconscious child: • Place the child on a firm, flat surface. • Inspect the upper airway and remove any visible object. • Attempt rescue breathing. • If ventilation is still unsuccessful, position hands on the abdomen.

7. Removing a Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (2 of 5) • Give five abdominal thrusts. • Open airway again to try and see object. • Only try to remove object if you see it. • Attempt rescue breathing.

8. Removing a Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (3 of 5) • If unsuccessful, reposition head and attempt ventilation again. • Repeat abdominal thrusts if obstruction persists.

9. Removing a Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (4 of 5) • In a conscious child: • Kneel behind the child. • Give the child five abdominal thrusts. • Repeat the technique until object comes out.

10. Removing a Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (5 of 5) • If the child becomes unconscious, inspect the airway. • Attempt rescue breathing. • If airway remains obstructed, repeat thrusts.

11. Management of AirwayObstruction in Infants • Hold the infant facedown. • Deliver five back blows. • Bring infant upright on the thigh. • Give five quick chest thrusts. • Check airway. • Repeat cycle as often as necessary.

12. Neonatal Resuscitation • Resuscitation measures include: • Positioning airway • Drying • Warming • Suctioning • Tactile stimulation

13. Neonatal Equipment

14. Additional Efforts • Deliver chest compressions at 120 per minute. • Coordinate chest compressions with ventilations at a ratio of 3:1. • If meconium is present, suction infant vigorously.

15. BLS Review • Cardiac arrest in children is commonly due to respiratory arrest. • Many causes of respiratory arrest • For purposes of pediatric BLS: • Infancy ends at 1 year of age. • Childhood extends to 8 years of age. • Children older than 8 years of age are treated as adults.

16. Determine Responsiveness • Gently tap on shoulder and speak loudly. • If responsive, place in position of comfort. • If you find an unresponsive child when you are not on duty: • Provide BLS for about 1 minute. • Call EMS system.

17. Airway • Airway may be obstructed by tongue. • Use head tilt-chin lift technique or jaw-thrust maneuver to open the airway. • Jaw-thrust maneuver is safer if possibility of neck injury exists.

18. Breathing • Look, listen, and feel. • Provide rescue breathing if needed. • Perform Sellick maneuver to prevent gastric distention.

19. Circulation • Assess circulation after airway is open and two rescue breaths have been given. • Check for pulses. • Evaluate for other signs of circulation. • Do not spend more than 10 seconds trying to find a pulse.