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Colon

Colon. Colon. 1.5-1.8 meter long Parts Appendix Caecum Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anal Canal. Function of Large Intestine. Absorption of water,salt Microorganism synthesize vit K Stores faeces. Function of Large Intestine.

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Colon

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  1. Colon

  2. Colon • 1.5-1.8 meter long • Parts • Appendix • Caecum • Ascending colon • Transverse colon • Descending colon • Sigmoid colon • Rectum • Anal Canal

  3. Function of Large Intestine • Absorption of water,salt • Microorganism synthesize vit K • Stores faeces

  4. Function of Large Intestine • Mass movement -20 or more times to propel faeces towards anus • Defaecation reflex • Involves local and parasympathetic reflex • Local reflex - weak contraction • Parasympathetic reflex – strong contraction

  5. Wall becomes thin Blood supply decreases Smooth cell decrease Secretion decrease Dental enamel thins Gingiva exposed Healing decrease following injury Liver detoxification decrease Phagocytosis decrease Storage decrease Change in eating habits Effects of aging on the digestive system • Increase infection • Ulceration • Susceptible to cancer • Loss of teeth • Unable to chew and sensitive teeth

  6. Stomach Vomiting Ulcer Liver Cirrhosis Hepatitis A B C Gallstone and jaundice Pancreas Diabetes mellitus Cystic fibrosis Intestine IBD IBS Malabsorption Infection of the digestive tract Staphylococcal Salmonellosis Thyphoid Cholera Giardiasis Pinworm Tapeworm Hookworm Roundworm Diarrhoea Dysentry Constipation Disorders of the digestive tract

  7. Vomiting • Reflex • Starts with irritation in the stomach • Visceral nerves to the vomiting center in the medulla • From the center thru the vagus nerve • Deep breath taken – hyoid and larynx is closed by the soft palate – abdominal and diaphragm contracts – stomach contents expelled while the lower oesophagela sphincter is relaxed

  8. Ulcer Causes • H.Pylori,stress,diet,smoking,alcohol,excess acid secretion, pain killers • Recurrence is common especially those from bacterial infection and poor dietary restriction Peptic Ulcer • Duodenal Ulcer • Gastric Ulcer - acid base difference

  9. Liver Liver Cirrhosis Hepatitis A – Faeco-oral transmission Hepatitis B – transmitted thru blood or bodily fluids Hepatitis C – transmitted thru injection-drug addicts B AND C leads to cirrhosis and cancer

  10. Pancreas • Diabetes mellitus • lack of insulin • no effect to insulin • Cystic Fibrosis • Hereditary disorder • Defective chloride channel • Ducts blocked with viscid fluid • Decrease absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins • Night blindness, skin disorders,rickets and bleeding disorder

  11. Intestine • IBD • Infective,autoimmune or hereditary in origin • Crohn or ulcerative collitis • Causes inflammation of the intestine • Treatment - anti inflammation, surgery • IBS • Unknown cause • Constipation and diarrhoea • Psychosomatic disorder • Treatment – counseling and stress management, change diet, drugs to modulate motility

  12. Infection of the intestinal tract • Malabsorption syndrome • Abnormal absorption • Types • Gluten - protein in grains • Tropical – caused by bacteria

  13. Infection of the intestinal tract • Bacteria • Staphylococcal • Salmonella • Vibrio cholera • Protozoan • Giadia lamblia • Helminths • Pinworm • Hookworm • Roundworm • Tapeworm

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