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Odour emission from livestock housing

Odour emission from livestock housing. Assoc Prof. PhD. BUI XUAN AN buixuanan08@gmail.com Mobil 0913744166. Overview. Background odour emission Odour research program in NL Possibilities for odour reduction Current and future research. air pollution.

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Odour emission from livestock housing

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  1. Odour emission from livestock housing Assoc Prof. PhD. BUI XUAN AN buixuanan08@gmail.com Mobil 0913744166

  2. Overview • Background odour emission • Odour research program in NL • Possibilities for odour reduction • Current and future research

  3. air pollution Air pollution is defined as the presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more contaminants (pollutants) in quantities and duration that can injure human, plant, or animal life or property (materials) or which unreasonably interferes with the enjoyment of life or the conduct of business.

  4. Sources of odour on livestock farms • Manure • Livestock building • Outside yards and feedlots • Storage • Manure treatment • Manure application • Animals • Feed • Storage dead animals

  5. N CH3 – S – S – CH3 3-CH3 – C8H6N (CH3)2 – CH – CH2 – COOH Odorous compounds • Sulphides • Volatile fatty acids • Phenols • Indoles • Ammonia and volatile amines

  6. Environmental factors Urine Animal Manure Faeces Processes and factors Feed

  7. Feed Urine • Kind of manure • Slurry • Liquid and solid manure • Storage time • Microbial activity • Emitting area • pH • Storage method • Feed and water intake • Feed composition • Protein concentration • Amino acid composition • Non Starch Polysaccharides • Fermentation Animal • Species • Health • Fermentation • Behaviour Emitting area pH Manure Faeces Processes and factors

  8. Environmental factors Temperature Ventilation rate Air speed Use of straw Dust Urine Animal Faeces Processes and factors Feed Manure

  9. Odour research program in NL • Since 1990’s introduction of new housing systems designed for low ammonia emission (Green Lable systems) • What about their odour emission?

  10. Selected housing systems in the odour research programme • Pig production • Poultry production Both: Conventional and new housing systems with low ammonia emission

  11. Pig housing systems Dry sows, farrowing sows, weaners and fatteners (conventional and low NH3 emission) Low emission by: • reducing emitting surface of slurry and pens • cooling surface layer slurry • air scrubbing • group housing sows with straw

  12. Selected pig housing systems

  13. Conventional system slurry 2,5 kg NH3 / y Metal or plastic slatted floor Haye Hendriks

  14. Reduction of emitting surface area 1.2 kg NH3 / y Concrete slatted floor Slurry Haye Hendriks

  15. Slurry cooling Metal or plastic slatted floor Diving cooling elements slurry 1.2 kg NH3 / y Haye Hendriks Haye Hendriks

  16. Flushing gutter 1.2 kg NH3 / y Metal slatted floor Flushing gutters Slurry Haye Hendriks

  17. Chemical air scrubber 70 to 95% NH3 reduction Sprinklers Ingoing air Outgoing air Filter material Pump Mixing tank Liquid level Removal drainwater Haye Hendriks

  18. Individually housed sows 4,2 kg NH3 / y

  19. Group housing of sows with straw lying area Activity and excreting area 2,6 kg NH3/y Eating area Haye Hendriks

  20. Group housing of sows with straw 2,6 kg NH3/y

  21. Farrowing with fully slatted floor 8.3 kg NH3 / y Haye Hendriks

  22. Slatted floors for weaners 0.60 kg NH3/y

  23. Reduction of emitting surface areaweaned piglets Metal slatted floor Max. 0.07 m2 per pig Slurry 0.17 kg NH3/y Haye Hendriks

  24. Poultry systems Laying hens, broilers, parental stock broilers, ducks (conventional and low NH3 emission) Low emission by: • forced drying of manure on belts • forced drying of litter

  25. Selected poultry systems

  26. Floor housing for layers 0.315 kg NH3 / y

  27. Aviary system for layers 0.090 kg NH3 / y Haye Hendriks

  28. Battery system with forced drying of manure 0.012 kg NH3 / y Haye Hendriks

  29. Odour sampling scheme • Sampling 1 farm location per housing system • Sampling during 2 periods: each period 5 samples in duplicate (2x5x2) • Odour samples taken between 10-12 a.m • Dust filter at the inlet of sample tube

  30. Results: means of odour emission fattening pigs System kg NH3/y OUe/s Conventional 2.5 22.4 < emitting surface 1.2 9.6 cooling 1.2 10.8 flushing 1.2 10.9 acid scrubbing0.5 15.9

  31. Results: odour emission sows and weaners System kg NH3/y OUe/s Sows indiv. 4.2 19.0 Sows group 2.6 6.8 Farr. sows 8.3 17.8 Weaners, slats 0.60 5.0 W < em.surf. 0.17 4.0

  32. Group housing of sows with straw 2,6 kg NH3/y

  33. Conclusions research pig housing systems • No consistent relation between odour and ammonia emissions • Restriction and cooling of emitting surfaces generally reduces both ammonia and odour emission

  34. Results: means and variation of odour emission laying hens System kg NH3/y OUe/s Battery cages • slurry 0.045 0.69 • dry manure0.012 0.35 Litter housing 0.315 0.26 Aviary housing 0.090 0.31

  35. Results: odour emission broilers, parental stock and ducks System kg NH3/y OUe/s Broilers litter 0.050 0.18 Br. litter drying 0.014 0.16 Par. st. broilers 0.170 0.53 Ducks litter 0.210 0.49

  36. Conclusions odour research poultry housing systems • No consistent relation between odour and ammonia emissions between farms and concentrations within farms • Battery cage and litter systems for laying hens showed similar odour emission levels • Relative small effect of forced litter drying on odour emission

  37. odour reduction:options for short term treatment of air method perspective Biofilter +/- Air scrubber + Dilution +/- Ozon -- Active coal -- Additives -

  38. odour reduction:options for short term pen factors & manure treatment method perspective <emitting surf. + cooling surface +/- quick removal slurry +/- quick drying manure + aeration with flushing +/- anaerobic dig. with flushing + additives +/-

  39. odour reductions:options for long term • feed: intake and composition • pen-hygiene: behaviour en pen design • manure treatment

  40. Anaerobic treatment

  41. Aerobic treatment

  42. Composting

  43. Odour filter

  44. Bioscrubber 70% NH3 reduction Fan Outgoing air Sprinklers Ingoing air Filter package Drain water Water supply Water tray Pump Haye Hendriks

  45. factors affecting odour emission urine feed animal air manure feed intake and composition feces manure treatment air treatment animal behaviour dilution of manure/slurry pen factors dilution of air additives

  46. Reference • Aarnink A and Ogink N, 2002. Factors affecting odour emission from livestock housing and possibilities for reduction. Proc. International worshop in Odour Management Research at Taipei

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