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AAVE

AAVE. The first section tylers@stanford.edu. Things to cover today. Dialects and variation Lexicon Phonetics (and the IPA). Dialects. “No matter who’s doing the talking, people have an opinion about it” – American Tongues Variation

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AAVE

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  1. AAVE The first section tylers@stanford.edu

  2. Things to cover today • Dialects and variation • Lexicon • Phonetics (and the IPA)

  3. Dialects • “No matter who’s doing the talking, people have an opinion about it” – American Tongues • Variation • Everyone has an accent, but some people are in denial about it. • Who will say they have an accent, who won’t? Why? • Variation happens in: • Word choice (the lexicon) • Pronunciation (phonetics/phonology) • Grammar (syntax) • Meaning (semantics) • People vary by geography and ethnicity—what else?

  4. The lexicon • How would you build a model of the lexicon to account for how it works? (What do the various authors say we need? What more could we add?)

  5. A model of the lexicon • Maybe it needs to account for the following things (just some thoughts) • Does it allow for “Black” words? • How does it deal with synonyms? • Homonyms? • What does it mean to have "bad" in your lexicon if it can mean both "good" and "not good" and "powerful"? All languages have homophony, but how might you model what's actually there in the brain keeping track of what to use and when? (See also Smitherman 2006: 4 for a discussion of Mohammed Ali.) • Parts of speech • Where does it go in a sentence • Loan words and calques • Multilingualism • Slang/”proper speech” • Pronunciation • Meaning • “Showcase variables” (Something that upon hearing immediately lets you know where the speaker is coming from (in AAVE, Rickford 1999 said it was "be").) • Implicational hierarchies

  6. Question • What did Teresa Labov's 1992 study of Black and White vocabulary show? What would such a study show at Stanford? Using Wolfram (1981) as a guide, how might you document a variety of English you don't know?

  7. “Ga-ya-ga”

  8. Phonetics • Segments • Consonants • Place of articulation • TalkingTalkin’: “velar nasalalveolar nasal” • Manner of articulation • Voicing • Vowels • Front/back • He and ah (high font, low back) • High/low • Ah and at (low back, low front) • Suprasegments (tones and tunes)

  9. Some practice • Heat/hit • Mate/met • Shoot/should • Talking/Docking • Think

  10. Write in English • naw • ræt • luwz • pɑt • maj • ʤʌʤ • ʃɪp • ʧip • bʌɾər • ɪnmɛnipipəlðəvɛɹinem "spaj " əksajts ə ʃʌdəɹ

  11. James Brown

  12. Nina Simone

  13. Ask a partner • Milk • Egg • Nuclear • Water • Pecan • Best kind • Best apple

  14. Some tips • Try to mimic the words—see if the speaker agrees you’re close • Pay attention to the shape of your mouth—where’s your tongue? • Try singing the vowels • Exaggerating them can help • And sometimes it’s easier to figure out a diphthong if you drag a word out

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